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2 - Alternative reproductive tactics and the evolution of alternative allocation phenotypes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2009

By
H. Jane Brockmann  and
Michael Taborsky
Edited by
Rui F. Oliveira ,
Michael Taborsky  and
H. Jane Brockmann
H. Jane Brockmann
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
Michael Taborsky
Affiliation:
Zoological Institute Behavioural Ecology University of Bern Wohlenstrasse 50A CH-3032 Hinterkappelen Switzerland
Rui F. Oliveira
Affiliation:
Instituto Superior Psicologia Aplicada, Lisbon
Michael Taborsky
Affiliation:
Universität Bern, Switzerland
H. Jane Brockmann
Affiliation:
University of Florida
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Summary

CHAPTER SUMMARY

Alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) are part of a much larger class of alternative phenotypes that include sex allocation and alternative life histories. We examine the evolution of ARTs by drawing on the much larger base of theory from sex-allocation and life-history evolution. Insights into how alternative tactics evolve (their maintenance in populations, the evolution of their underlying mechanisms and flexibility, the evolution of morph differences and morph frequencies) are derived from principles developed for understanding the evolution of sex, sex determination, hermaphroditism, sexual dimorphism, and sex ratios.

INTRODUCTION

Darwin (1871) was fascinated by variation. In part this was because so many scholars at the time emphasized typological thinking and ignored the biological variation around them. But more importantly Darwin realized that heritable variation was at the heart of his theory. If variants showed differential survival and if those characteristics were passed on to their offspring, then evolution occurred. He understood that if one form were just a little more successful than the other, then the variant with the higher success would prevail. This understanding led him to worry about cases in which discrete variation was maintained at a stable frequency in one population. These worries included social insect castes, sexual dimorphism, and alternative forms of one sex (Shuster and Wade 2003).

Variation within one population is usually continuous but under some circumstances, discrete, discontinuous patterns of variation evolve and are maintained. Sexual dimorphism is the most obvious case.

Type
Chapter
Information
Alternative Reproductive Tactics
An Integrative Approach
 , pp. 25 - 51
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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