Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd4964975-8cclj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2023-03-27T14:45:36.242Z Has data issue: true Feature Flags: { "useRatesEcommerce": false } hasContentIssue true

M

from Section 1 - Diagnostics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 May 2019

Edited by
Alan B. Ettinger ,
Deborah M. Weisbrot  and
Casey E. Gallimore
Alan B. Ettinger
Affiliation:
Safe Passage Diagnostics, New York
Deborah M. Weisbrot
Affiliation:
State University of New York, Stony Brook
Casey E. Gallimore
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Synopsis of Neurology, Psychiatry and Related Systemic Disorders , pp. 352 - 403
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Purchase

Buy Book

Buy print or eBook[Opens in a new window]

References

Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001; 119(10): 1417–36.
Schadlu, AP, Schadlu, R, Shepherd, JB. Charles Bonnet syndrome: a review. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2009: 20(3): 219–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
Beauregard, M, Paquette, V, Levesque, J. Dysfunction in the neural circuitry of emotional self-regulation in major depressive disorder. Neuroreport. 2006; 17(8): 843–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belmaker, RH, Agam, G. Major depressive disorder. New Engl J Med. 2008; 358(1): 55–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cotter, D, Mackay, D, Landau, S, Kerwin, R, Everall, I. Reduced glial cell density and neuronal size in the anterior cingulate cortex in major depressive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001; 58(6): 545–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fava, M, Kendler, KS. Major depressive disorder. Neuron, 2000; 28(2): 335–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holmes, AJ, Pizzagalli, DA. Spatiotemporal dynamics of error processing dysfunctions in major depressive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008; 65(2): 179–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, H, Halverson, S, Ezinwa, N. Mosquito-borne diseases. Prim Care. 2018; 45(3): 393–407.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salvana, EMT, Salata, RA, King, CH. Parasitic infections of the central nervous system. In Aminoff, MJ, Josephson, SA, eds. Aminoff's neurology and general medicine. 5th ed. London: Academic Press; 2014. pp. 947–51.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. World malaria report 2017. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization; 2017.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
Meuleman, EJ, Van Lankveld, JJ. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder: An underestimated condition in men. BJU Int. 2005; 95(3): 291–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Segraves, KB, Segraves, RT. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder: Prevalence and comorbidity in 906 subjects. J Sex Marital Ther. 1991; 17(1): 55–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stoléru, S, Redouté, J, Costes, N, et al. Brain processing of visual sexual stimuli in men with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2003; 124(2): 67–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenbaum, HK. Malignant hyperthermia. MedLink Neurology. Updated Jun 8, 2015. San Diego: MedLink Corporation. Available from www.medlink.com/article/malignant_hyperthermia. Accessed Aug 24, 2018.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
Mittenberg, W, Patton, C, Canyock, EM, Condit, DC. Base rates of malingering and symptom exaggeration. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2002; 24(8): 1094–102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pankratz, L, Erickson, RC. Two views of malingering. Clin Neuropsychol. 1990; 4(4): 379–89.Google Scholar
Rogers, R, ed. Clinical assessment of malingering and deception. New York: Guilford Press; 2008.Google Scholar
Stern, T, et al. Massachusetts General Hospital handbook of general hospital psychiatry. Philadephia, PA: Saunders; 2010.Google Scholar
Cersosimo, MG, Koller, WC. The diagnosis of manganese-induced parkinsonism. Neurotoxicology. 2006; 27(3): 340–6. PMID:16325915.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chu, N-S, Huang, C-C, Calne, DB. Manganese. In Spencer, PS, Schaumburg, HH, eds. Experimental and clinical neurotoxicology. 2nd edition. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2000. pp. 752–5.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
McDonald, WM, Krishnan, KR, Doraiswamy, PM, et al. Occurrence of subcortical hyperintensities in elderly subjects with mania. Psychiatry Res. 1991; 40(4): 211–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pares, P. Mania following deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease. Neurology. 2002; 59(9): 1421–4.Google Scholar
Peet, M. Induction of mania with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants. Br J Psychiatry. 1994; 164(4): 549–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Starkstein, SE, Mayberg, HS, Berthier, ML, et al. Mania after brain injury: neuroradiological and metabolic findings. Ann Neurol. 1990; 27(6): 652–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, RC, Biggs, JT, Ziegler, VE, Meyer, DA. A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity. Br J Psychiatry. 1978; 133(5): 429–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frazier, DM, et al. Nutrition management guideline for maple syrup urine disease: An evidence- and consensus-based approach. Mol Genet Metab. 2014; 112(3): 210–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NORD. Maple syprup urine disease. http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/maple-syrup-urine-disease/. Accessed Jun 20, 2016.
Strauss, KA, Puffenberger, EG, Morton, DH. Maple syrup urine disease. Jan 30, 2006. Updated May 9, 2013. In Pagon, RA, Adam, MP, Ardinger, HH, et al., eds. Gene Reviews®. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993–2016. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1319/. Accessed Aug 25, 2018.Google Scholar
Ropper, AH, Samuels, MA, Klein, JP. Diseases of the nervous system caused by nutritional deficiency. In Adams & Victor's principles of neurology, 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014. Chapter 41.Google Scholar
Rosa, A, Demiati, M, Cartz, L, Mizon, JP. Marchiafava-Bignami disease, syndrome of interhemispheric disconnection, and right-handed agraphia in a left-hander. Arch Neurol. 1991; 48: 986.Google Scholar
Marom, T, et al. Trends in otitis media-related health care utilization in the United States, 2001–2011. JAMA Pediatr. 2014; 168(1): 68–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wald, ER. Acute mastoiditis in children: Clinical features and diagnosis. In Post, TW, ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA. Last updated Jan 3, 2017. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-mastoiditis-in-children-clinical-features-and-diagnosis. Accessed Aug 25, 2018.Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measles. In Hamborsky, J, et al., eds. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases (The Pink Book). 13th ed. Washington DC: Public Health Foundation; 2015. Chapter 13.Google Scholar
Gans, H, Maldonado, YA. Measles: Epidemiology and transmission. Last updated May 25, 2017. In Post, TW, ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/measles-epidemiology-and-transmission. Accessed Aug 25, 2018.Google Scholar
Moss, WJ, et al. Measles. The Lancet. 2012; 379(9811): 153–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Demicheli, V, Rivetti, A, Debalini, MG, Di Pietrantonj, C. Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012: CD004407.Google ScholarPubMed
Elliman, D, Sengupta, N, El Bashir, H, Bedford, H. Measles, mumps, and rubella: prevention. BMJ Clin Evid. 2007; 2007: pii: 0316.Google ScholarPubMed
Hendriksz, T, Malouf, P, Foy, JE. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the Centers for Disease Control and PreventionVaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, and herpes zoster: immunization guidelines for adults. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2011; 111(10 Suppl 6): S10–2.Google ScholarPubMed
McLean, HQ, Fiebelkorn, AP, Temte, JL, et al. Prevention of measles, rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, and mumps, 2013: summary recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2013; 62: 1.Google Scholar
White, SJ, Boldt, KL, Holditch, SJ, Poland, GA, Jacobson, RM. Measles, mumps, and rubella. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2012; 55(2): 550–9. DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e31824df256.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kristoffersen, ES, Lundqvist, C. Medication-overuse headache: a review. J Pain Res. 2014; 7: 367–78. DOI: 10.2147/JPR.S46071.Google ScholarPubMed
Kudrow, L. Paradoxical effects of frequent analgesic use. Adv Neurol. 1982; 33: 335–41.Google ScholarPubMed
Mathew, NT, Kurman, R, Perez, F. Drug induced refractory headache: clinical features and management. Headache. 1990; 30(10): 634–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mehuys, E, Paemeleire, K, Van Hees, T, et al. Self-medication of regular headache: a community pharmacy-based survey. Eur J Neurol. 2012; 19(8): 1093–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Bont, JM, Packer, RJ, Michiels, EM, Den Boer, ML, Pieters, R. Biological background of pediatric medulloblastoma and ependymoma: a review from a translational research perspective. Neuro-oncology. 2008; 10(6): 1040–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kieffer-Renaux, V, Bulteau, C, Grill, J, et al. Patterns of neuropsychological deficits in children with medulloblastoma according to craniospatial irradiation doses. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2000; 42(11): 741–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taran, SJ, Taran, R, Malipatil, N, Haridas, K. Paediatric medulloblastoma: an updated review. West Indian Med J. 2016; 65(2): 363–8.Google Scholar
Balasubramaniam, R, Ram, S. Orofacial movement disorders. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2008: 20(2): 273–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Colosimo, C, Suppa, A, Fabbrini, G, Bologna, M, Berardelli, A. Craniocervical dystonia: clinical and pathophysiological features. Eur J Neurol. 2010; 17(s1): 15–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kraft, SP, Lang, AE. Cranial dystonia, blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm: clinical features and treatment, including the use of botulinum toxin. CMAJ: Can Med Assoc J. 1988; 139(9): 837.Google ScholarPubMed
Choi, KN, Withers, HR, Rotman, M. Intracranial metastases from melanoma. Clinical features and treatment by accelerated fractionation. Cancer. 1985; 56(1): 1–9.3.0.CO;2-X>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayward, RD. Malignant melanoma and the central nervous system. A guide for classification based on the clinical findings. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 1976; 39(6): 526–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raizer, JJ, Hwu, WJ, Panageas, KS, et al. Brain and leptomeningeal metastases from cutaneous melanoma: survival outcomes based on clinical features. Neuro-oncology. 2008; 10(2): 199–207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harcourt, J, Barraclough, K, Bronstein, AM. Meniere's disease. BMJ. 2014; 349. PMID: 25391837.Google ScholarPubMed
Silverstein, H, Smouha, E, Jones, R. Natural history vs. surgery for Meniere's disease. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1989; 100: 6–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wright, T. Menière's disease. BMJ Clin Evid. 2015; 2015: pii:0505. PMID: 26545070.Google ScholarPubMed
Gerganov, V, Bussarsky, V, Romansky, K, et al. Cerebellopontine angle meningiomas. Clinical features and surgical treatment. J Neurosurg Sci. 2003; 47(3): 129–35.Google ScholarPubMed
Jiang, XB, Ke, C, Han, ZA, et al. Intraparenchymal papillary meningioma of brainstem: case report and literature review. World J Surg Oncol. 2012; 10: 10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wofford, JL, Moran, WP, Wilson, TA, Velez, R. Clinical presentation of meningioma in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1993; 41(2): 122–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaler, SG. ATP7A-related copper transport disorders. In Pagon, RA, Adam, MP, Ardinger, HH, et al., eds. Gene Reviews®. Updated Aug 18, 2016. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, Seattle; 1993–2017. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1413/.Google Scholar
Tumer, Z, Moller, LB. Menkes disease. Eur J Hum Genet. 2010; 18: 511–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Delgado, J. Intoxication from LSD and other common hallucinogens. UpToDate. Updated Sep 20, 2017. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/intoxication-from-lsd-and-other-common-hallucinogens?source=machineLearning&search=mescaline&selectedTitle=1∼4&sectionRank=1&anchor=H15#H15. Accessed Aug 28, 2018.Google Scholar
Cendes, F. Febrile seizures and mesial temporal sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2004; 17(2): 161–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garcia, CS. Depression in temporal lobe epilepsy: a review of prevalence, clinical features, and management considerations. Epilepsy Res Treat. 2012; 2012: 809843.Google ScholarPubMed
Lewis, DV. Losing neurons: selective vulnerability and mesial temporal sclerosis. Epilepsia. 2005; 46(Suppl 7): 39–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spano, VR, Mikulis, DJ. Mesial temporal sclerosis in epilepsy. CMAJ. 2011; 183(15): E1151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gustavson, KH, Hagberg, B. The incidence and genetics of metachromatic leucodystrophy in northern Sweden. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1971; 60: 585.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heinisch, U, Zlotogora, J, Kafert, S, Gieselmann, V. Multiple mutations are responsible for the high frequency of metachromatic leukodystrophy in a small geographic area. Am J Hum Genet. 1995; 56: 51.Google Scholar
Holve, S, Hu, D, McCandless, SE. Metachromatic leukodystrophy in the Navajo: fallout of the American-Indian wars of the nineteenth century. Am J Med Genet. 2001; 101: 203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ropper, AH, Samuels, MA, Klein, JP. Inherited metabolic diseases of the nervous system. In Adams & Victor's principles of neurology, 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014. Chapter 37.Google Scholar
Von Figura, K, Gieselmann, V, Jacken, J. Metachromatic leukodystrophy. In Scriver, CR, Beaudet, AL, Sly, WS, et al., eds. The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited diseases. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001. p. 3695.Google Scholar
Zlotogora, J, Bach, G, Barak, Y, Elian, E. Metachromatic leukodystrophy in the habbanite Jews: high frequency in a genetic isolate and screening for heterozygotes. Am J Hum Genet. 1980 32: 663.Google Scholar
Ardakani, RK, Nahangi, H, Yadegari, M, Hosseini-Sharifabad, M. The effects of long-term administration of methamphetamine on the cerebellum of the male mice: a stereological study. The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam. www.shefayekhatam.ir/browse.php?a_id=453&sid=1&slc_lang=en. Accessed Aug 28, 2018.Google Scholar
Foroughipour, M, Farzadfard, M, Aghaee, M, Ghabeli-Juibary, A, Rezaietalab, F. Methamphetamine related radiculopathy: case series and review of literature. Asia Pacific J Med Toxicol. 2013; 2(2): 71–5. DOI: 10.22038/apjmt.2013.894.Google Scholar
Gonzalez-Usigli, HA. Chorea, athetosis, and hemiballismus. MSD Manuals. Revised Feb 2017. Available from https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/movement-and-cerebellar-disorders/chorea,-athetosis,-and-hemiballismus. Accessed Aug 28, 2018.
NIDA. Methamphetamine. National Institute on Drug Abuse website. https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/methamphetamine. September 19, 2013. Accessed August 28, 2018.
Won, S, Hong, RA, Shohet, RV, Seto, TB, Parikh, NI. Methamphetamine-associated cardiomyopathy. Clin Cardiol. 2013; 36(12): 737–42. DOI: 10.1002/clc.22195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aminoff, MJ, Josephson, SA. Aminoff's neurology and general medicine. London, UK: Academic Press; 2014.Google Scholar
Jahnke, K, Korfel, A, Martus, P, et al. High-dose methotrexate toxicity in elderly patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma. Ann Oncol. 2005; 16(3): 445–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wernick, R, Smith, DL. Central nervous system toxicity associated with weekly low-dose methotrexate treatment. Arthritis Rheum. 1989; 32(6): 770–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warburg, M. Classification of microphthalmos and coloboma. J Med Genet. 1993; 30: 664–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Charles, A. Migraine: a brain state. Curr Opin Neurol. 2013; 26: 235–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Charles, A, Hansen, JM. Migraine aura: new ideas about cause, classification and clinical significance. Curr Opin Neurol. 2015; 28: 255–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petrusic, I, Zidverc-Trajkovic, J. Cortical spreading depression; origins and paths as inferred from the sequence of events during migraine aura. Funct Neurol. 2014; 29: 207–12.Google ScholarPubMed
Reede, DL, Garcon, E, Smoker, WR, Kardon, R. Horner's syndrome: clinical and radiographic evaluation. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2008; 18(2): 369–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Heart Association. Problem: mitral valve regurgitation. Feb 18, 2013. Available from www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/HeartValveProblemsandDisease/Problem-Mitral-Valve-Regurgitation_UCM_450612_Article.jsp. Accessed Jun 23, 2015.
Mayo Clinic Staff. Mitral valve regurgitation. Feb 18, 2015. Available from www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/home/ovc-20121849. Accessed Jun 23, 2015.
Otto, CM, Bonow, RO. Valvular heart disease. In Mann, DL, Zipes, DP, Libby, P, Bonow, RO, Braunwald, E, eds. Braunwald's heart diseases: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders; 2015. pp. 1479–94.Google Scholar
American Heart Association. Problem: mitral valve stenosis. Aug 4, 2014. Available from www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/HeartValveProblemsandDisease/Problem-Mitral-Valve-Stenosis_UCM_450370_Article.jsp. Accessed Jun 23, 2015.
Mayo Clinic Staff. Mitral valve stenosis. Aug 22, 2014. Available from www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-stenosis/basics/definition/con-20022582. Accessed Jun 23, 2015.
Otto, CM, Bonow, RO. Valvular heart disease. In Mann, DL, Zipes, DP, Libby, P, Bonow, RO, Braunwald, E, eds. Braunwald's heart diseases: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders; 2015. pp. 1469–79.Google Scholar
American Heart Association. Problem: mitral valve prolapse. Apr 24, 2015. Available from www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/HeartValveProblemsandDisease/Problem-Mitral-Valve-Prolapse_UCM_450441_Article.jsp. Accessed Jun 23, 2015.
Mayo Clinic Staff. Mitral valve prolapse. Apr 5, 2014. Available from www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-prolapse/basics/definition/con-20024748. Accessed Jun 23, 2015.
Otto, CM, Bonow, RO. Valvular heart disease. In Mann, DL, Zipes, DP, Libby, P, Bonow, RO, Braunwald, E, eds. Braunwald's heart diseases: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders; 2015; pp. 1494–1497.Google Scholar
Farazmand, P, Woolley, PD, Kinghorn, GR. Mollaret's meningitis and HSV2 infections. Int J STD AIDS. 2011; 22(6): 306–7. DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2010.010405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, JMS. Mollaret's meningitis. Eur Neurol. 2008; 60: 316–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poulikakos, PJ, Sergi, EE, Margaritas, AS, et al. A case of recurrent benign lymphocytic (Mollaret's) meningitis and review of the literature. J Infect Public Health. 2010; 3(4): 192–5. Copyright © 2010 King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steel, JG, Dix, RD, Baringer, JR. Isolation of herpes simplex type 1 in recurrent (Mollarets) meningitis. Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1981; 106: 37–42.Google Scholar
Bindu, PS. Encephalopathy due to sulfite oxidase deficiency. Orphanet rare diseases portal. Updated Jan 2012. Available from www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=833. Accessed Aug 28, 2018.
Veldman, A, Santamaria-Araujo, JA, Sollazzo, S, et al. Successful treatment of molybdenum cofactor deficiency type A with cPMP. Pediatrics. 2010; 125(5): e1249–54. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009–2192. Epub Apr 12, 2010.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Di Troia, A, Carpo, M, Meucci, N, et al. Clinical features and anti-neural reactivity in neuropathy associated with IgG monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. J Neurol Sci. 1999; 164: 64–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nobile-Orazio, E, Manfredini, E, Carpo, M, et al. Frequency and clinical correlates of anti-neural IgM antibodies in neuropathy associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy. Ann Neurol. 1994; 36: 416–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grover, A, Clark-Bilodeau, C, D'Ambrosio, CM. Restless leg syndrome in pregnancy. Obstet Med. 2015; 8(3): 121–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kranick, SM, Mowry, EM, Colcher, A, Horn, S, Golbe, LI. Movement disorders and pregnancy: a review of the literature. Mov Disord. 2010; 25(6): 665–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manconi, M, Govoni, V, De Vito, A, et al. Pregnancy as a risk factor for restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med. 2004; 5(3): 305–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pathania, M, Upadhayaya, S, Lali, BS, Sharma, A. Chorea gravidarum: a rarity in West still haunts pregnant women in the East. BMJ Case Rep. 2013; pii: bcr2012008096. DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-008096.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robottom, BJ, Reich, SG. Exposure to high dosage trihexyphenidyl during pregnancy for treatment of generalized dystonia: case report and literature review. Neurologist. 2011; 17(6): 340–1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singhal, AB. Moyamoya disease. Medlink Neurology. Updated Dec 1, 2015. San Diego: MedLink Corporation. Available from www.medlink.com.Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mucormycosis. Available from www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/mucormycosis/index.html. Accessed Aug 28, 2018.
Gonzalez, CE, Rinaldi, MG, Sugar, AM. Mucormycosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2002; 16: 895–914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petrikkos, G, Skiadda, A, Lortholary, O, et al. Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of mucormycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2012; 4(suppl_1): S23–S34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spellberg, B, Edwards, J Jr, Ibrahim, A. Novel perspectives on mucormycosis: pathophysiology, presentation, and management. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005; 18(3): 556–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katirji, B, Kaminski, HJ, Ruff, RL. Neuromuscular disorders in clinical practice. 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag New York; 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katirji, B, Kaminski, HJ, Ruff, RL. Neuromuscular disorders in clinical practice. 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag New York; 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hachinski, V. Optimizing the Hachinski Ischemic Scale. Arch Neurol. 2012; 69: 169–75.Google ScholarPubMed
Denier, C, Lozeron, P, Adams, D, et al. Multifocal neuropathy due to plasma cell infiltration of peripheral nerves in multiple myeloma. Neurology. 2006; 66(6): 917–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dispenzieri, A, Kyle, RA. Neurological aspects of multiple myeloma and related disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2005; 18(4): 673–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schluterman, KO, Fassas, AB, Van Hemert, RL, Harik, SI. Multiple myeloma invasion of the central nervous system. Arch Neurol. 2004; 61(9): 1423–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ropper, AH, Samuels, MA, Klein, JP. Multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory demyelinating diseases. In Adams & Victor's principles of neurology, 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014. Chapter 36.Google Scholar
Alonso, A, Hernán, MA. Temporal trends in the incidence of multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Neurology. 2008; 71(2): 129–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alroughani, A, Altintas, A, Jumah, MA, et al. Pregnancy and the use of disease-modifying therapies in patients with multiple sclerosis: benefits versus risks. Mult Scler Int. 2016; 2016: 1034912.Google ScholarPubMed
Coyle, PK. Management of women with multiple sclerosis through pregnancy and after childbirth. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2016(3): 198–210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jankovic, J, Rajput, AH, McDermott, MP, Perl, DP. The evolution of diagnosis in early Parkinson disease. Parkinson Study Group. Arch Neurol. 2000; 57(3): 369–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dąbrowska, M, Schinwelski, M, Sitek, EJ, et al. The role of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of the atypical parkinsonian syndromes in clinical practice. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2015; 49(6): 421–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fanciulli, A, Wenning, GK. Multiple-system atrophy. NEJM. 2015; 372(3): 249–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iodice, V, Lipp, A, Ahlskog, JE, et al. Autopsy confirmed multiple system atrophy cases: Mayo experience and role of autonomic function tests. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012; 83: 453–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Köllensperger, M, Geser, F, Ndayisaba, JP, et al. Presentation, diagnosis, and management of multiple system atrophy in Europe: final analysis of the European multiple system atrophy registry. Mov Disord. 2010; 25(15): 2604–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tada, M, Onodera, O, Tada, M, et al. Early development of autonomic dysfunction may predict poor prognosis in patients with multiple system atrophy. Arch Neurol. 2007; 64(2): 256–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wenning, GK, Stefanova, N. Recent developments in multiple system atrophy. J Neurol. 2009; 256: 1791–808.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fanciulli, A, Wenning, GK. Multiple-system atrophy. New Engl J Med. 2015; 372: 249–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, DJ, Hermann, KL, Schmahmann, JD. Multiple system atrophy of the cerebellar type: Clinical state of the art. Mov Disord. 2014; 29(4): 294–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, IS, Wu, RM, Lee-Chen, GJ, Shan, DE, Gwinn-Hardy, K. The SCA17 phenotype can include features of MSA-C, PSP and cognitive impairment. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2007; 13(4): 246–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wenning, GK, Stefanova, N. Recent developments in multiple system atrophy. J Neurol. 2009; 256: 1791–808.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, LJ, Seward, JF. Mumps epidemiology and immunity: the anatomy of a modern epidemic. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008; 27: S75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bruyn, HB, Sexton, HM, Brainerd, HD. Mumps meningoencephalitis: a clinical review of 119 cases with one death. Calif Med. 1957; 86(3): 153–60.Google ScholarPubMed
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mumps cases and outbreaks. Updated June 27, 2018. https://www.cdc.gov/mumps/outbreaks.html. Accessed Apr 6, 2017.
Dourado, I, Cunha, S, Teixeira, MG et al. Outbreak of aseptic meningitis associated with mass vaccination with a urabe-containing measles-mumps-rubella vaccine: implications for immunization programs. Am J Epidemiol. 2000; 151(5): 524–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnstone, JA, Ross, CAC, Dunn, M. Meningitis and encephalitis associated with mumps infection: a 10-year survey. Arch Dis Child. 1972; 47(254): 647–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mclean, DM, Bach, RD, Larke, RP, McNaughton, GA. Mumps meningoencephalitis, Toronto, 1963. Can Med Assoc J. 1964; 90: 458.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Mumps reported cases. Jul 15, 2018. http://apps.who.int/immunization_monitoring/globalsummary/timeseries/tsincidencemumps.html. Accessed Sep 6, 2018.
Amato, AA, Russell, JA. Neuromuscular disorders. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008. pp. 143–56Google Scholar
Longo, DL, Kasper, DL, Fauci, A, et al., eds. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 17th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education/Medical; 2016. pp. 1292, 1412, 1462–4.Google Scholar
Amato, AA, Russell, JA. Neuromuscular disorders. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2016.Google Scholar
Katirji, B, Kaminski, HJ, Ruff, RL. Neuromuscular disorders in clinical practice. 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag New York; 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaudhry, SA, Vignarajah, B, Koren, G. Myasthenia gravis during pregnancy. Can Fam Physician. 2012; 58(12): 1346–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Sanders, DB, Wolfe, GI, Benatar, M, et al. International consensus guidance for management of myasthenia gravis: Executive summary. Neurology. 2016; 87(4): 419–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolfe, GI, Kaminski, HJ, Aban, IB, et al.; MGTX Study Group. Randomized trial of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375(6): 511–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bitnun, A, Ford-Jones, E, Blaser, S, Richardson, S. Mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 2003; 14: 96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daxboeck, F. Mycoplasma pneumoniae central nervous system infections. Curr Opin Neurol. 2006; 19: 374.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foy, HM, Kenny, GE, Cooney, MK, Allan, ID. Long-term epidemiology of infections with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Infect Dis. 1979; 139: 681.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gücüyener, K, Simşek, F, Yilmaz, O, et al. Methyl-prednisolone in neurologic complications of Mycoplasma pneumonia. Indian J Pediatr. 2000; 67(6): 467–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsiodras, S, Kelesidis, T, Kelesidis, I, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated myelitis: a comprehensive review. Eur J Neurol. 2006; 13: 112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chun, JY, Smith, W, Halbach, VV, et al. Current multimodality management of infectious intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurgery. 2001; 48(6): 1203–13; discussion 1213–4.Google ScholarPubMed
Mandell, G. Infective endarteritis and mycotic aneurysms. In Mandell, G, Bennett, J, Dolin, R, eds. Principles and practice of infectious disease. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2000. pp. 888–92.Google Scholar
American Heart Association. About heart attacks. May 15, 2015. Available from www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/AboutHeartAttacks/About-Heart-Attacks_UCM_002038_Article.jsp. Accessed Jun 23, 2015.
Mayo Clinic Staff. Heart attack. Nov 15, 2014. Available from www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/basics/definition/con-20019520. Accessed Jun 23, 2015.
Scirica, BM, Morrow, DA. ST-elevation myocardial infarction: pathology, pathophysiology, and clinical features. In Mann, DL, Zipes, D, Libby, P, Bonow, RO, Braunwald, E, eds. Braunwald's heart disease: A textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders; 2015; pp. 1071–85.Google Scholar
Amato, AA, Russell, JA. Neuromuscular disorders. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008. pp. 143–56.Google Scholar
DiMauro, S, Hirano, M. MERRF. GeneReviews®. Jun 3, 2003. Updated Jan 29, 2015. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993–2017.
Tobon, A. Metabolic myopathies. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2013; 19(6 Muscle Disease): 1571–97.Google ScholarPubMed
Hess, CW, Raymond, D, Aguiar Pde, C, Frucht, S, et al. Myoclonus-dystonia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and alcohol dependence in SGCE mutation carriers. Neurology. 2007; 68: 522–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kinugawa, K, Vidailhet, M, Clot, F, et al. Myoclonus-dystonia: An update. Mov Disord. 2009; 24: 479–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raymond, D, Ozelius, L. Myoclonus-dystonia. May 21, 2003. Updated Jan 26, 2012. In Pagon, RA, Adam, MP, Ardinger, HH, et al., eds. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993–2016.Google Scholar
Zimprich, A, Grabowski, M, Asmus, F, et al. Mutations in the gene encoding epsilon-sarcoglycan cause myoclonus-dystonia syndrome. Nat Genet. 2001; 29: 66–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldstein, J, Austin, S, Kishnani, P, et al. Phosphorylase kinase deficiency. May 31, 2011. In Pagon, RA, Adam, MP, Ardinger, HH, et al., eds. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993–2016.Google Scholar
Luica, A, Nogales-Gadea, G, Pérez, M, et al. McArdle disease – what do neurologists need to know? Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2008; 4(10): 568–77. DOI: 10.1038/ncpneuro0913Google Scholar
Martín, MA, Lucía, A, Arenas, J, et al. Glycogen storage disease type V. Apr 19, 2006. Updated Jun 26, 2014. In Pagon, RA, Adam, MP, Ardinger, HH, et al., eds. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993–2016.Google Scholar
Udd, B. The myotonic dystrophies: molecular, clinical, and therapeutic challenges. Lancet Neurol. 2012; 11(10): 891–905.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wicklund, MP. The muscular dystrophies. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2013; 19(6): 1535–70.Google ScholarPubMed
Udd, B. The myotonic dystrophies: molecular, clinical, and therapeutic challenges. Lancet Neurol. 2012; 11(10): 891–905.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wicklund, MP. The muscular dystrophies. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2013; 19(6): 1535–70.Google ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×