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6 - The Cosmic Microwave Background

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2023

Kenneth I. Kellermann
Affiliation:
National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia
Ellen N. Bouton
Affiliation:
National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Summary

The existence of a Cosmic Microwave Background was theoretically predicted by George Gamow and his associates, but played no role in the accidental discovery of the 2.7 degree cosmic microwave background radiation by Penzias and Wilson while they were testing a new type of satellite communications antenna at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in Holmdel, NJ. An earlier measurement of the cosmic microwave background at Bell Labs went unnoticed except by Russian scientists, who misunderstood the paper to be reporting a negative result. Meanwhile, not far away, Robert Dicke and his colleagues at Princeton University were building a radiometer to verify Dicke’s prediction that it might be possible to detect the microwave remnants of the big-bang. But they were beaten by Penzias and Wilson’s serendipitous Nobel Prize winning discovery that led to the final demise of the steady-state theory. An even earlier measurement of optical absorption lines by interstellar cyanogen gave the first clues to the existence of a cosmic background radiation, but its meaning was not recognized until after the 1965 experimental discovery of the microwave background at Bell Labs.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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  • The Cosmic Microwave Background
  • Kenneth I. Kellermann, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia, Ellen N. Bouton, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia
  • Book: Star Noise: Discovering the Radio Universe
  • Online publication: 04 May 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009023443.009
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  • The Cosmic Microwave Background
  • Kenneth I. Kellermann, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia, Ellen N. Bouton, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia
  • Book: Star Noise: Discovering the Radio Universe
  • Online publication: 04 May 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009023443.009
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • The Cosmic Microwave Background
  • Kenneth I. Kellermann, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia, Ellen N. Bouton, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia
  • Book: Star Noise: Discovering the Radio Universe
  • Online publication: 04 May 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009023443.009
Available formats
×