Primates in Flooded Habitats
Buy print or eBook
[Opens in a new window] Ecology and Conservation
Book contents
- Primates in Flooded Habitats
- Primates in Flooded Habitats
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- Part I Introduction
- Part II Primates of Mangrove and Coastal Forests
- Part III Beach Primates
- Part IV Swamp Primates
- Part V Primates in Freshwater Flooded Forests
- Part VI Conservation Case Studies
- Part VII Conservation, Threats and Status
- References
- Index
- References
References
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 December 2018
Book contents
- Primates in Flooded Habitats
- Primates in Flooded Habitats
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- Part I Introduction
- Part II Primates of Mangrove and Coastal Forests
- Part III Beach Primates
- Part IV Swamp Primates
- Part V Primates in Freshwater Flooded Forests
- Part VI Conservation Case Studies
- Part VII Conservation, Threats and Status
- References
- Index
- References
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Primates in Flooded HabitatsEcology and Conservation, pp. 375 - 442Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2019
References
Abram, N.K., Xofis, P., Tzanopoulos, J., et al. 2014. Synergies for improving oil palm production and forest conservation in floodplain landscapes. PLOS One 9: e95388.Google Scholar
Abril, G., Guérin, F., Richard, S., et al. 2005. Carbon dioxide and methane emissions and the carbon budget of a 10-years old tropical reservoir (Petit-Saut, French Guiana). Global Biogeochemical Cycles 19: GB 4007, doi: 10.1029/2005GB002457.Google Scholar
Abubakar, M.A.T., Dahuri, R. & Kusumastanto, T. 2001. Model sedimentasi dan daya dukung lingkungan segara anakan untuk kegiatan budidaya udang. Pesisir dan Lautan 4: 50–62.Google Scholar
Acevedo-Charry, O., Pinto-Gómez, A. & Rangel-Ch, J.O. 2014. Las aves de la Orinoquía colombiana: una revisión de sus registros. Colombia Diversidad Biótica XIV. La región de la Orinoquía de Colombia, pp. 691–750.Google Scholar
Adie, F., Galat-Luong, A. & Galat, G. 1997. In Les grands Mammifères du Niokolo-Badiar, Galat-Luong, A. (ed.). Rueil-Malmaison: Belancor.Google Scholar
Adis, J. 1984. ‘Seasonal igapó’-forests of central Amazonian blackwater rivers and their terrestrial arthropod fauna. In The Amazon: Limnology and Landscape Ecology of a Mighty Tropical River and its Basin, Sioli, H. (ed.). Monographiae Biologicae No. 56. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, pp. 245–268.Google Scholar
Adis, J., Paarman, W., Amorim, M.A., Ardnt, E. & da Fonseca, C.R. 1998. On occurrence, habitat specificity and natural history of adult tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) near Manaus, central Amazonia, and key to the larvae of tiger beetle genera. Acta Amazonica 28: 247–272.Google Scholar
Agatsuma, Y., Ogawa, M., Taniguchi, K. & Yamada, H. 2000. Marine algal flora of the coast of Tomari-Hama along the Oshika Peninsula, Japan. Wildlife Conservation Japan 5: 47–53.Google Scholar
Agetsuma, N. 1995. Dietary selection by Yakushima macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui): the influence of food availability and temperature. International Journal of Primatology 16: 611–627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aggimarangsee, N. 2013. Status monitoring of isolated populations of macaques and other nonhuman primates in Thailand. In Primates in Fragments: Complexity and Resilience, Marsh, L.K. & Chapman, C.A. (eds). New York: Springer, pp. 147–158.Google Scholar
Agoramoorthy, G. & Hsu, M.J. 2005. Borneo’s proboscis monkey: a study of its diet of mineral and phytochemical concentrations. Scientific Correspondences 89: 454–457.Google Scholar
Agoramoorthy, G. & Lohmann, R. 1999. Population and conservation status of the black-and-gold howler monkeys, Alouatta caraya, along the Rio Riachuelo, Argentina. Neotropical Primates 7: 43–44.Google Scholar
Agrawal, A.A. 2001. Phenotypic plasticity in the interactions and evolution of species. Science 294: 321–326.Google Scholar
Agrawal, V.C., Das, P.K., Chakraborty, S., et al. 1992. Mammalia. In State Fauna Series 3. Fauna of West Bengal, Part I, Director, Zoological Survey of India (ed.). Calcutta: Zoological Survey of India, pp. 27–169.Google Scholar
Aguiar, L.M. 2006. Os primatas do corredor do Alto Rio Paraná (Região de Porto Rico, estados do Paraná e Mato Grosso do Sul): Ocorrência, georreferenciamento e parâmetros populacionais. MSc dissertation, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil. www.acervodigital.ufpr.br/bitstream/handle/1884/4725/Aguiar2006?sequence=1.Google Scholar
Aguiar, L.M., Ludwig, G. & Passos, F.C. 2009. Group size and composition of black-and-gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) on the Upper Paraná River, southern Brazil. Primates 50: 74–77.Google Scholar
Aguiar, L.M., Ludwig, G., Svoboda, W.K., Hilst, C.L., Navarro, I.T. & Passos, F.C. 2007a. Occurrence, local extinction and conservation of primates in the corridor of the Upper Paraná River, with notes on other mammals. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 24: 898–906.Google Scholar
Aguiar, L.M., Mellek, D.M., Abreu, K.C., et al. 2007b. Sympatry between Alouatta caraya and Alouatta clamitans and the rediscovery of free-ranging potential hybrids in southern Brazil. Primates 48: 24–28.Google Scholar
Agustí, J. 2007. The biotic environments of the Late Miocene hominids. In Handbook of Paleoanthropology, Henke, W. & Tattersall, I. (eds). Berlin: Springer, pp. 979–1010.Google Scholar
Ahumada, J.A., Stevenson, P.R. & Quinones, M.J. 1998. Ecological response of spider monkeys to temporal variation in fruit abundance: the importance of flooded forest as a keystone habitat. Primate Conservation 18: 10–14.Google Scholar
Aide, T.M., Corrada-Bravo, C., Campos-Cerqueira, M., et al. 2013. Real-time bioacoustics monitoring and automated species identification. Peer Journal 1: e103.Google Scholar
Aiello, L.C. & Wheeler, P. 1995. The expensive tissue hypothesis. Current Anthropology 36: 199–221.Google Scholar
Akani, G.C., Aifesehi, P.E.E., Petrozzi, F., Amadi, N. & Luiselli, L. 2014. Preliminary surveys of the terrestrial vertebrate fauna (mammals, reptiles, and amphibians) of the Edumanon Forest Reserve, Nigeria. Tropical Zoology 27: 63–72.Google Scholar
Albernaz, A.L., Pressey, R.L., Costa, L.R., et al. 2012. Tree species compositional change and conservation implications in the white-water flooded forests of the Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Biogeography 39: 869–883.Google Scholar
Alberts, S.C., Hollister-Smith, J.A., Mutatua, R.S., et al. 2005. Seasonality and long-term change in a savanna environment. In Seasonality in Primates: Studies of Living and Extinct Human and Non-human Primates, Brockman, D.K. & van Schiak, C.P. (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 157–196.Google Scholar
Aldana, A.M., Beltrán, M., Torres-Neira, J. & Stevenson, P.R. 2008. Habitat characterization and population density of brown spider monkeys (Ateles hybridus) in Magdalena Valley, Colombia. Neotropical Primates 15: 46–50.Google Scholar
Alemseged, Z. 2003. An integrated approach to taphonomy and faunal change in the Shungura Formation (Ethiopia) and its implication for hominid evolution. Journal of Human Evolution 44: 451–478.Google Scholar
Alemseged, Z. & Bobe, R. 2009. Diet in early hominin species: a paleoenvironmental perspective. In The Evolution of Hominin Diets: Integrating Approaches to the Study of Palaeolithic Subsistence, Hublin, J.J. & Richards, M.P. (eds). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, pp. 181–188.Google Scholar
Alencar, A., Nepstad, D. & Diaz, M.D.C.V. 2006. Forest understory fire in the Brazilian Amazon in ENSO and Non-ENSO years: area burned and committed carbon emissions. Earth Interactions 10: 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alencar, D.C. 1994. Phenology of five Sapotaceae tropical tree species correlated to climatic variables in Ducke forest reserve, Manaus, AM. Acta Amazonica 24: 161–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alfaro, J.W.L., Boubli, J.P., Olson, L.E., et al. 2012. Explosive Pleistocene range expansion leads to widespread Amazonian sympatry between robust and gracile capuchin monkeys. Journal of Biogeography 39: 272–288.Google Scholar
Alfaro, J.W.L., Cortés-Ortiz, L., Di Fiore, A. & Boubli, J.P. 2015. Comparative biogeography of Neotropical primates. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 82: 518–529.Google Scholar
Alfred, R., Koh, P.H. & Lee, S.K. 2010. The status of orangutan density and population size in seven key orangutan habitats in Sabah. Survey report. Kota Kinabalu:Borneo Programme Species.Google Scholar
Alfred, R., Koh, P.H., Shan Khee, L. & Alfred, R. 2010. Summarizing spatial distribution density, movement patterns and food resources to study the impacts of logging and forest conversion on orang-utan population. Journal of Biological Sciences 10: 73–83.Google Scholar
Alho, C.J.R. (ed.). 2000. Fauna silvestre da região do Rio Manso-MT. Brasília: Edições Ibama/Eletronorte. Projeto de Divulgação Técnico-científica.Google Scholar
Alho, C.J.R. 2005. The Pantanal. In The World’s Largest Wetlands: Ecology and Conservation, Fraser, L.H. & Keddy, P.A. (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 203–271.Google Scholar
Alho, C.J.R. 2008. Biodiversity of the Pantanal: response to seasonal flooding regime and to environmental degradation. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 68 (Suppl.): 957–966.Google ScholarPubMed
Alho, C.J.R. 2011. Environmental effects of hydropower reservoirs on wild mammals and freshwater turtles in Amazonia: a review. Oecologia Australis 15: 593–604.Google Scholar
Alho, C.J. & Pádua, L.F. 1982. Reproductive parameters and nesting behavior of the Amazon turtle Podocnemis expansa (Testudinata: Pelomedusidae) in Brazil. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60: 97–103.Google Scholar
Alho, C.J.R. & Sabino, J. 2012. Seasonal Pantanal flood pulse: implications for biodiversity conservation: a review. Oecologia Australis 16: 958–978.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alho, C.J.R. & Silva, J.S.V. 2012. Effects of severe floods and droughts on wildlife of the Pantanal wetland (Brazil): a review. Animals 2: 591–610.Google Scholar
Alho, C.J.R., Camargo, G. & Fischer, E. 2011a. Terrestrial and aquatic mammals of the Pantanal. Brazilian Journal of Biology 71: 297–310.Google Scholar
Alho, C.J.R., LacherJr., T.E., Campos, Z.M.S. & Goncalves, H.C. 1987. Mamíferos da Fazenda Nhumirim, sub-região de Nhecolândia, Pantanal do Mato Grosso do Sul. 1 – Levantamento preliminar de espécies. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 4: 151–164.Google Scholar
Alho, C.J.R., Mamede, S., Bitencourt, K. & Benites, M. 2011b. Introduced species in the Pantanal: implications for conservation. Brazilian Journal of Biology 71: 321–325.Google Scholar
Alho, C.J.R., Strussmann, C. & Vasconcellos, L.A.S. 2000. Indicadores da Magnitude da Diversidade e Abundância de Vertebrados Silvestres do Pantanal num Mosaico de Habitats Sazonais. In Anais do III Simpósio sobre Recursos Naturais e Sócio-Econômicos do Pantanal. Corumbá, Brazil: EMBRAPA, CPAP, pp. 1–54.Google Scholar
Alongi, D.M. 2008. Mangrove forests: resilience, protection from tsunamis, and responses to global climate change. Estuarine Coastal & Shelf Science 76: 1–13.Google Scholar
Altmann, J. 1974. Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour 49: 227–267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Altmann, J. & Alberts, S.C. 2005. Growth rates in a wild primate population: ecological influences and maternal effects. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology 57: 490–501.Google Scholar
Altmann, J., Combes, S.L. & Alberts, S.C. 2013. Papio cynocephalus yellow baboon. In Mammals of Africa. Volume 2: Primates, Butynski, T.M., Kingdon, J. & Kalina, J. (eds). London: Bloomsbury, pp. 228–232.Google Scholar
Alvarez, E., Balbás, L., Massa, I. & Pacheco, J. 1986. Aspectos Ecologicos de Embalse de Guri. Interciencias 11: 325–333.Google Scholar
Alves-Júnior, J.R.F., Lustosa, A.P.G., Bosso, A.C.S., et al. 2012. Reproductive indices in natural nests of giant Amazon river turtles Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) (Testudines, Podocnemididae) in the environmental protection area meanders of the Araguaia river. Brazilian Journal of Biology 72: 199–203.Google Scholar
Amaral, D.D., Vieira, I.C.G., Salomão, R.P., Almeida, S.S. & Jardim, M.A.G. 2012. The status of conservation of urban forests in eastern Amazonia. Brazilian Journal of Biology 72: 257–265.Google Scholar
Ambrose, L. & Oates, J.F. 2013. Euoticus pallidus northern needle-clawed galago. In Mammals of Africa. Volume II: Primates, Butynski, T.M., Kingdon, J. & Kalina, J. (eds). London: Bloomsbury, pp. 444–446.Google Scholar
Amos, W. & Balmford, A. 2001. When does conservation genetics matter? Heredity 87: 257–265.Google Scholar
Ampeng, A., Sapuan, A., Sayok, A., Liam, J. & Asen, M. 2009. Mammals along different ecosystems in Loagan Bunut National Park, Sarawak. Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia: Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.Google Scholar
Anadu, P.A. & Oates, J.F. 1982. The status of wildlife in Bendel State, Nigeria, with recommendations for its conservation. Unpublished report to the Bendel State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Nigerian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Nigerian Conservation Foundation, New York Zoological Society, and World Wildlife Fund.Google Scholar
Anadu, P.A. & Oates, J.F. 1988. The olive colobus monkey in Nigeria. Nigerian Field 53: 31–34.Google Scholar
Ancrenaz, M. 2007. Wildlife Surveys Conducted in Lower Kinabatangan in 2006/2007 and Further Recommendations for Wildlife Management. Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia: Arcus.Google Scholar
Ancrenaz, M. 2008. Orang-utan Surveys in the Oil Palm Landscape of Eastern Saba. Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia: Arcus.Google Scholar
Ancrenaz, M. 2010. Orang-utan Bridges in Lower Kinabatangan. Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia: Arcus.Google Scholar
Ancrenaz, M., Gimenez, O., Ambu, L., et al. 2005. Aerial surveys give new estimates for orangutans in Sabah, Malaysia. PLoS Biology, 3: e3.Google Scholar
Ancrenaz, M., Goossens, B., Gimenez, O., Sawang, A. & Lackman-Ancrenaz, I. 2004. Determination of ape distribution and population size using ground and aerial surveys: a case study with orang-utans in lower Kinabatangan, Sabah, Malaysia. Animal Conservation 7: 375–385.Google Scholar
Ancrenaz, M., Sollmann, R., Meijaard, E, et al. 2014a. Coming down from the trees: is terrestrial activity in Bornean orangutans natural or disturbance driven? Scientific Reports 4: 4024.Google Scholar
Ancrenaz, M., Oram, F., Ambu, L., et al. 2014b. Of pongo, palms, and perceptions: a multidisciplinary assessment of orangutans in an oil palm context. Oryx 49: 465–472.Google Scholar
Anderson, A.B. 1981. White-sand vegetation of Brazilian Amazonia. Biotropica 13: 199–210.Google Scholar
Anderson, J. 1872. On a supposed new monkey from the Sunderbunds to the east of Calcutta. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872: 529–533.Google Scholar
Anderson, J., Peignot, P. & Adelbrecht, C. 1992. Task-directed and recreational underwater swimming in captive Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Laboratory Primate Newsletter 31: 1–4.Google Scholar
Anderson, J., Rowcliffe, M. & Cowlishaw, G. 2006. Does the matrix matter? A forest primate in a complex agricultural landscape. Biological Conservation 135: 212–222.Google Scholar
Anderson, J.T., Rojas, J.S. & Flecker, A.S. 2009. High-quality seed dispersal by fruit-eating fishes in Amazonian floodplain habitats. Oecologia 161: 279–290.Google Scholar
Ando, C., Iwata, Y. & Yamagiwa, J. 2008. Progress of habituation of western lowland gorillas and their reaction to observers in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon. African Study Monographs Supplementary Issue 39: 55–69.Google Scholar
Andresen, E. 1999. Seed dispersal by monkeys and the fate of dispersed seeds in a Peruvian rain forest. Biotropica 31: 145–158.Google Scholar
Andriamaharoa, H., Birkinshaw, C. & Reza, L. 2010. Day-time feeding ecology of Eulemur cinereiceps in the Agnalazaha Forest, Mahabo-Mananivo, Madagascar. Madagascar Conservation & Development 5: 55–63.Google Scholar
Andrianandrasana, H.T., Randriamahefasoa, J., Durbin, J. & Lewis, R.E. 2005. Participatory ecological monitoring of the Alaotra wetlands in Madagascar. Biodiversity & Conservation 14: 2757–2774.Google Scholar
Ang, H.F. 2011. Banded leaf monkeys in Singapore: preliminary data on taxonomy, feeding ecology, reproduction, and population size. MSc thesis, National University of Singapore.Google Scholar
Ang, A., Srivasthan, A., Md-Zain, B.M., Ismail, M.R.B. & Meier, R. 2012. Low genetic variability in the recovering urban banded leaf monkey population of Singapore. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60: 589–594.Google Scholar
Angelici, F.M., Grimod, I. & Politano, E. 1999. Mammals of the eastern Niger Delta (Rivers and Bayelsa States, Nigeria): an environment affected by a gas-pipeline. Folia Zoologica 48: 249–264.Google Scholar
Anonymous, 2011. Mammals in Sancang. http://himbiounpad.wordpress.com/2012/02/20/mammal-in-sancang.Google Scholar
Antunes, A.C., Baccaro, F. & Barnett, A.A. 2017. What bite marks can tell us: use of on-fruit tooth impressions to study seed consumer identity and consumption patterns within a rodent assemblage. Mammalian Biology 82: 74–79.Google Scholar
Appanah, S. 1985. General flowering in the climax rain forest of Southeast Asia. Journal of Tropical Ecology 1: 225–240.Google Scholar
Appanah, S. 1993. Mass flowering of dipterocarp forests in the aseasonal tropics. Journal of Bioscience 18: 457–474.Google Scholar
Appelman, F.J. 1939. Het schiereiland Poerwo: boschen wild in Java’s Zuidoost-hoek. In 3 Jaren Indisch Natuurleven, Elfde jaarverslag (1936–1938). Batavia, The Netherlands: Nederlands Indische Vereeniging tot Natuurbescherming, pp. 293–298.Google Scholar
Aquino, R. 1988. Preliminary surveys on the densities of Cacajao calvus ucayalii. Primate Conservation 9: 24–26.Google Scholar
Aquino, R. 1998. Some observations on the ecology of Cacajao calvus ucayalii in the Peruvian Amazon. Primate Conservation 18: 21–24.Google Scholar
Aquino, R. 2005. Alimentación de mamíferos de caza en los aguajales de la Reserva Nacional de Pacaya-Samiria (Iquitos, Perú). Revista Peruana de Biología 12: 417–425.Google Scholar
Aquino, R. & Encarnación, F. 1999. Observaciones preliminares sobre la dieta de Cacajao calvus ucayalii en el Nor-Oriente Peruano. Neotropical Primates 7: 1–5.Google Scholar
Arantes, C.C., Castello, L., Stewart, D.J., Cetra, M. & Queiroz, H.L. 2010. Population density, growth and reproduction of arapaima in an Amazonian river‐floodplain. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 19: 455–465.Google Scholar
Areola, O. 1982. Vegetation. In Nigeria in Maps, Barbour, K.M., Oguntoyinbo, J.S., Onyemelukwe, J.O.C. & Nwafor, J.C. (eds). London: Hodder & Stoughton, pp. 24–25.Google Scholar
Arias, M.E., Cochrane, T.A. & Elliott, V. 2014a. Modelling future changes of habitat and fauna in the Tonle Sap wetland of the Mekong. Environmental Conservation 41: 165–175.Google Scholar
Arias, M.E., Cochrane, T.A., Kummu, M., et al. 2014b. Impacts of hydropower and climate change on drivers of ecological productivity of Southeast Asia’s most important wetland. Ecological Modelling 272: 252–263.Google Scholar
Arias, M.E., Cochrane, T.A., Norton, D., Killeen, T.J. & Khon, P. 2013. The flood pulse as the underlying driver of vegetation in the largest wetland and fishery of the Mekong Basin. Ambio 42: 864–876.Google Scholar
Armenteras, D., González, T.M. & Retana, J. 2013. Forest fragmentation and edge influence on fire occurrence and intensity under different management types in Amazon forests. Biological Conservation 159: 73–79.Google Scholar
Armenteras, D., Rudas, G., Rodriguez, N., Sua, S. & Romero, M. 2006. Patterns and causes of deforestation in the Colombian Amazon. Ecological Indicators 6: 353–368.Google Scholar
Arora, N., Nater, A., van Schaik, C.P., et al. 2010. Effects of Pleistocene glaciations and rivers on the population structure of Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107: 21376–21381.Google Scholar
Arroyo-Rodríguez, V. & Dias, P.A.D. 2010. Effects of habitat fragmentation and disturbance on howler monkeys: a review. American Journal of Primatology 72: 1–16.Google Scholar
Arroyo-Rodríguez, V. & Mandujano, S. 2009. Conceptualization and measurement of habitat fragmentation from the primates’ perspective. International Journal of Primatology 30: 497–514.Google Scholar
Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Cuesta-del Moral, E., Mandujano., S., et al. 2013. Assessing habitat fragmentation effects on primates: the importance of evaluating questions at the correct scale. In Primates in Fragments: Complexity and Resilience, Marsh, L.K. & Chapman, C.A. (eds). New York: Springer, pp. 13–28.Google Scholar
ASEAN Peat Swamp Forest Project (APFP). 2013. Peatlands in Southeast Asia. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Secretariat/Global Environment Centre (GEC). Accessed at www.aseanpeat.net/index.cfm?&menuid=62.Google Scholar
ASEAN Secretariat and Global Environment Centre. 2012. Peatlands in Southeast Asia. Selanagor, Malaysia: Global Environment Centre.Google Scholar
Asensio, N., Arroyo‐Rodríguez, V., Dunn, J.C. & Cristóbal‐Azkarate, J. 2009. Conservation value of landscape supplementation for howler monkeys living in forest patches. Biotropica 41: 768–773.Google Scholar
Ashton, P.S., Givnish, T.J. & Appanah, S. 1998. Staggered flowering in the Dipterocarpaceae: new insights into floral induction and the evolution of mast fruiting in the aseasonal tropics. American Naturalist 132: 44–66.Google Scholar
Asquith, N.M. 2001. Misdirections in conservation biology. Conservation Biology 15: 345–352.Google Scholar
Assis, R.L., Haugaasen, T., Schöngart, J., et al. 2015a. Patterns of tree diversity and composition in Amazonian floodplain paleo‐várzea forest. Journal of Vegetation Science 26: 312–322.Google Scholar
Assis, R.L., Wittmann, F., Piedade, M.T. & Haugaasen, T. 2015b. Effects of hydroperiod and substrate properties on tree alpha diversity and composition in Amazonian floodplain forests. Plant Ecology 216: 41–54.Google Scholar
Astaras, C., Krause, S., Mattner, L., Rehse, C. & Waltert, M. 2011. Associations between the drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus) and sympatric monkeys in Korup National Park, Cameroon. American Journal of Primatology 70: 306–310.Google Scholar
Atrium. 2012. Aguajal project. Andes-Amazon. http://atrium.andesamazon.org/digital_herbarium.php.Google Scholar
Avery, G. & Siegfried, W.R. 1980. Food gatherers along South Africa’s shoreline. Oceans 13: 32–37.Google Scholar
Ayres, J.M.C. 1985. On a new species of squirrel monkey, genus Saimiri (Cebidae, Primates) from Brazilian Amazonia. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 36: 147–164.Google Scholar
Ayres, J.M.C. 1986a. Uakaris and Amazonian flooded forest. PhD thesis. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.Google Scholar
Ayres, J.M.C. 1986b. Some aspects of social problems facing conservation in Brazil. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 1: 48–49.Google Scholar
Ayres, J.M.C. 1986c. The conservation status of the White Uakari. Primate Conservation 7: 22–26.Google Scholar
Ayres, J.M.C. 1989. Comparative feeding ecology of the uakari and bearded saki, Cacajao and Chiropotes. Journal of Human Evolution 18: 697–716.Google Scholar
Ayres, J.M.C. & Best, R. 1979. Estratégias para a Conservação da fauna Amazônica. Acta Amazônica 9: 81–101.Google Scholar
Ayres, J.M.C. & Clutton-Brock, T.H. 1992. River boundaries and species range size in Amazonian primates. American Naturalist 140: 531–537.Google Scholar
Ayres, J.M.C. & Johns, A.D. 1987. Conservation of white uakaries in Amazonian várzea. Oryx 21: 74–88.Google Scholar
Ayres, J.M.C. & Milton, K. 1981. Levantamento de primatas e habitat no Rio Tapajos. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi. Nova Serie, Zoologia 111: 1–11.Google Scholar
Ayres, J.M.C. & Prance, G.T. 2013. On the distribution of Pitheciin monkeys and Lecythidaceae in Amazonia. In Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Titis, Sakis and Uacaris, Veiga, L., Barnett, A., Ferrari, S. & Norconk, M. (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 127–144.Google Scholar
Ayres, J.M.C., Alves, A.R., de Queiroz, H.L, et al. 1999. Mamirauá: the conservation of biodiversity in an Amazonian flooded forest. Advances in Economic Botany 13: 203–216.Google Scholar
Ayres, J.M.C., Fonseca, G.A.B., Rylands, A.B., et al. 2005. Os Corredores Ecológicos das Florestas Tropicais do Brasil. Belém: Sociedade Civil Mamiraurá.Google Scholar
Azmi, R. 1998. Natural vegetation of the Kinabatangan floodplain. An introduction to its natural vegetation, including a preliminary plant checklist of the region. Kota Kinabalu: WWF Malaysia.Google Scholar
Azmi, A.B. 2007. Plankton Distribution and Composition of Oxbow Lakes in Sabah. MSc dissertation, School of Science and Technology Universiti Malaysia Sabah. http://eprints.ums.edu.my/7325/1/mt0000000246.pdf.Google Scholar
Baal, F.L.J., Mittermeier, R.A. & van Roosmalen, M.G.M. 1988. Primates and protected areas in Suriname. Oryx 22: 7–14.Google Scholar
Bah, M., Keita, A., Diallo, S.T., Camara, S. & Sagna, S. 1999. Evaluation de la diversité biologique de la Guinée. Vision, buts et objectifs de la stratégie nationale pour sa conservation et son utilisation durable. Unpublished report. Conakry, Guinea: MMGE-DNE-PNUD-FEM.Google Scholar
Baha, El Din, S.M. 1999. Directory of Important Bird Areas in Egypt. Birdlife International. Cairo: Palm Press.Google Scholar
Bahuguna, N.C. & Mallick, J.K. 2011. Handbook of the Mammals of South Asia. Dehra Dun, India: Natraj Publishers.Google Scholar
Baker, L.R. 2003. Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve. Unpublished report. Calabar, Nigeria: CERCOPAN.Google Scholar
Baker, L.R. 2005. Distribution and conservation status of Sclater’s guenon (Cercopithecus sclateri) in southern Nigeria. Unpublished report. Washington DC: Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation, Conservation International.Google Scholar
Baker, L.R. & Olubode, O.S. 2008. Correlates with the distribution and abundance of Endangered Sclater’s monkeys (Cercopithecus sclateri) in southern Nigeria. African Journal of Ecology 46: 365–373.Google Scholar
Baker, L.R., Arnold, T.W., Olubode, O.S. & Garshelis, D.L. 2011. Considerations for using occupancy surveys to monitor forest primates: a case study with Sclater’s monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri). Population Ecology 53: 549–561.Google Scholar
Bakoarininiaina, L.N., Kusky, T. & Raharimahefa, A. 2006. Disappearing Lake Alaotra: monitoring catastrophic erosion, waterway silting, and land degradation hazards in Madagascar using Landsat imagery. Journal of African Earth Sciences 44: 241–252.Google Scholar
Balcazar, H.E. 2014. Problemática de las inundaciones en el Beni. Unpublished report. Beni, Bolivia: Estancias VH Cabaña Brahman. www.estanciasvh.com/?p=2000.Google Scholar
Ballantyne, R., Packer, J. & Hughes, K. 2009. Tourists’ support for conservation messages and sustainable management practices in wildlife tourism experiences. Tourism Management 30: 658–664.Google Scholar
Ballantyne, R., Packer, J., Hughes, K. & Dierking, L. 2007. Conservation learning in wildlife tourism settings: lessons from research in zoos and aquariums. Environmental Education Research 13: 367–383.Google Scholar
Bally, R. 1987. The ecology of sandy beaches of the Benguela ecosystem. South African Journal of Marine Science 5: 759–770.Google Scholar
Baracuhy, V., Souza-Silva, W., Spironello, W., Ross, C. & MacLarnon, A. 2013. Arthropod predation by a specialist seed predator, the golden-backed uacari (Cacajao melanocephalus ouakary, Pitheciidae) in Brazilian Amazonia. International Journal of Primatology 34: 470–485.Google Scholar
Barbosa, R.I., Campos, C., Pinto, F. & Fearnside, P.M. 2007. The ‘Lavrados’ of Roraima: biodiversity and conservation of Brazil’s Amazonian savannas. Functional Ecosystems and Communities 1: 29–41.Google Scholar
Barnes, R. 1992. Case studies in conserving large mammals. In The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests Africa, Sayer, J.A., Harcourt, C.S. & Collins, N.M. (eds). London: Macmillan, pp. 33–42.Google Scholar
Barnett, A. 1995. Primates. Expedition Field Techniques series, No. 6. London: Expedition Advisory Centre, Royal Geographical Society.Google Scholar
Barnett, A.A. 2010. Diet, habitat, use and conservation ecology of the golden-backed uacari, Cacajao melanocephalus ouakary, in Jaú National Park, Amazonian Brazil. PhD Thesis, University of Roehampton, London, UK.Google Scholar
Barnett, A.A. & Brandon-Jones, D. 1997. The ecology, biogeography, and conservation of the uakaris Cacajao (Pitheciinae). Folia Primatologica 68: 223–235.Google Scholar
Barnett, A.A. & Shaw, P. 2014. More food or fewer predators? The benefits to birds of associating with a Neotropical primate varies with their foraging strategy. Journal of Zoology 294: 224–233.Google Scholar
Barnett, A.A., Almeida, T., Andrade, R., et al. 2015a. Ants in their plants: Pseudomyrmex ants reduce primate, parrot and squirrel predation on Macrolobium acaciifolium (Fabaceae) seeds in Amazonian Brazil. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 114: 260–273.Google Scholar
Barnett, A.A., Almeida, T., Spironello, W.R., et al. 2012a. Terrestrial foraging by Cacajao melanocephalus ouakary (Primates) in Amazonian Brazil: is choice of seed patch size and position related to predation risk? Folia Primatologica 83: 126–139.Google Scholar
Barnett, A.A., Bezerra, B.M., Oliviera, M., Queiroz, H. & Defler, T.R. 2013a. Cacajao ouakary in Brazil and Colombia: patterns, puzzles and predictions. In Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Titis, Sakis and Uacaris, Veiga, L., Barnett, A., Ferrari, S. & Norconk, M. (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 179–195.Google Scholar
Barnett, A.A., Bezerra, B.M., Spironello, W.R., et al. 2016. Foraging with finesse: a hard-fruit-eating primate selects weakest areas as bite sites. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 160: 113–125.Google Scholar
Barnett, A.A., Bonchi-Teles, B., Sousa Silva, W., Almeida, T., Bezerra, B., Gonçalves de Lima, M., Spironello, W.R., MacLarnon, A., Ross, C. & Shaw, P.J.A. 2017. Covert carnivory: a seed-predating primate, the golden-backed uacari, selects insect-infested fruits. Journal of Zoological Research 1: 16–31.Google Scholar
Barnett, A.A., Borges, S., de Castilho, C.V., Neri, F. & Shapley, R.L. 2002. Primates of Jaú National Park, Amazonas, Brazil. Neotropical Primates 10: 65–70.Google Scholar
Barnett, A.A., Bowler, M., Bezerra, B.M. & Defler, T.R. 2013b. Ecology and behaviour of uacaris (Cacajao). In Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Titis, Sakis and Uacaris, Veiga, L., Barnett, A., Ferrari, S. & Norconk, M. (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 151–172.Google Scholar
Barnett, A.A., Boyle, S.A., Norconk, M.M., et al. 2012b. Terrestrial activity in pitheciins (Cacajao, Chiropotes, and Pithecia). American Journal of Primatology 74: 1106–1127.Google Scholar
Barnett, A.A., Boyle, S.A., Pinto, L.P., et al. 2012c. Primary seed dispersal by three Neotropical seed-predating primates (Cacajao melanocephalus ouakary, Chiropotes chiropotes and Chiropotes albinasus). Journal of Tropical Ecology 28: 543–555.Google Scholar
Barnett, A.A., de Castilho, C.V., Shapley, R.L. & Anicácio, A. 2005. Diet, habitat selection and natural history of Cacajao melanocephalus ouakary in Jaú National Park, Brazil. International Journal of Primatology 26: 949–969.Google Scholar
Barnett, A.A., Ronchi-Teles, B., Sousa-Silva, W., et al. 2013c. Covert carnivory: a seed-predating primate, the golden-backed uacari, selects insect-infested fruits. Journal of Zoological Research.Google Scholar
Barnett, A.A., Schiel, V., Deveny, A.,et al. 2011. Predation on Cacajao ouakary and Cebus albifrons (Primates: Platyrrhini) by harpy eagles. Mammalia 75: 169–172.Google Scholar
Barnett, A.A., Shaw, P., Spironello, W.R., MacLarnon, A. & Ross, C. 2012d. Sleeping site selection by golden-backed uacaris, Cacajao melanocephalus ouakary (Pitheciidae), in Amazonian flooded forests. Primates 53: 273–285.Google Scholar
Barnett, A.A., Silva, W.S., Shaw, P.J.A. & Ramsay, R.M. 2015b. Inundation duration and vertical vegetation stratification: a preliminary description of the vegetation and structuring factors in Borokotóh (hummock igapó), an overlooked, high-diversity, Amazonian habitat. Nordic Journal of Botany 33: 601–614.Google Scholar
Barreta, J. 2007. Caracterización genética de dos especies de monos tití Callicebus olallae y Callicebus modestus del Departamento del Beni. Technical Report. La Paz, Bolivia: Wildlife Conservation Society & Insitituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor San Andres.Google Scholar
Barrett, E. 1981. The present distribution and status of the slow loris in Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysian Applied Biology 10: 205–211.Google Scholar
Barrow, C. 1988. The impact of hydroelectric development on the Amazonian environment: with particular reference to the Tucuruí Project. Journal of Biogeography 15: 67–78.Google Scholar
Barry, J.C., Morgan, M.E., Flynn, L.J., et al. 2002. Faunal and environmental change in the late Miocene Siwaliks of northern Pakistan. Paleobiology 28: 1–71.Google Scholar
Barthem, R. & Goulding, M. 1997. The Catfish Connection: Ecology, Migration, and Conservation of Amazon Predator. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Barton, K. 2013. MuMIn: Multi-model inference. mumin.r-forge.r-project.org/MuMIn-manual.pdf.Google Scholar
Barton, R.A., Whiten, A., Strum, S.C., Byrne, R.W. & Simpson, A.J. 1992. Habitat use and resource availability in baboons. Animal Behaviour 43: 831–844.Google Scholar
Basabose, A.K. 2002. Diet composition of chimpanzees inhabiting the montane forest of Kahuzi, Democratic Republic of Congo. American Journal of Primatology 58: 1–21.Google Scholar
Basabose, A.K. 2004. Fruit availability and chimpanzee party size at Kahuzi montane forest, Democratic Republic of Congo. Primates 45: 211–219.Google Scholar
Basabose, A.K. 2005. Ranging patterns of chimpanzees in a montane forest of Kahuzi, Democratic Republic of Congo. International Journal of Primatology 26: 33–54.Google Scholar
Basabose, A.K. & Yamagiwa, J. 2002. Factors affecting nesting site choice in chimpanzees at Tshibati, Kahuzi-Biega National Park: influence of sympatric gorillas. International Journal of Primatology 23: 263–282.Google Scholar
Bastazini, V.A.G. 2011. Efeitos da estrutura de habitat e do espaço sobre a diversidade de mamíferos no norte do Pantanal: uma abordagem de resolução fina. MSc dissertation. Porte Alegre, Brazil: Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul.Google Scholar
Bastos, H.B., Gonçalves, E.C., Ferrari, S.F., Silva, A. & Schneider, M.P.C. 2010. Genetic structure of red-handed howler monkey populations in fragmented landscape of Eastern Brazilian Amazonia. Genetics and Molecular Biology 33: 774–780.Google Scholar
Bastos, M. 2013. Comunicação vocal em Sapajus flavius na natureza. MSc dissertation. Recife, Brazil: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco.Google Scholar
Bastos, M., Souto, A., Jones, G., et al. 2015. Vocal repertoire of wild blonde capuchins (Sapajus flavius) and contextual use of calls. American Journal of Primatology 77: 605–617.Google Scholar
Bastos, M., Medeiros, K., Jones, G., Bezerra, B. 2018. Small but wise: Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) use acoustic signals as cues to avoid interactions with blonde capuchin monkeys (Sapajus flavius). American Journal of Primatology 80: e22744.Google Scholar
Batista, P.M., Andreotti, R., Almeida, O.S., et al. 2013. Detection of arboviruses of public health interests in free-living New World primates (Sapajus spp., Alouatta caraya) captured in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Sociedade Brasiliera Medicina Tropical 44: 684–690.Google Scholar
Batistella, A.M. & Vogt, R.C. 2009. Nesting ecology of Podocnemis erythrocephala (Testudines, Podocnemididae) of the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Chelonian Conservation & Biology 7: 12–20.Google Scholar
Bauchop, T. 1978. Digestion of leaves in vertebrate arboreal folivores. In The Ecology of Arboreal Folivores, Montgomery, G.G. (ed.). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. 193–204.Google Scholar
Baumgarten, A. & Williamson, G.B. 2007. Distribution of the black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) and the mantled howler monkey (A. palliata) in their contact zone in eastern Guatemala. Neotropical Primates 14: 11–18.Google Scholar
Beckwith, RS. 1995. The Ecology and behaviour of the Javan black langur, in a lower montane rain forest, West Java. PhD thesis, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.Google Scholar
Bearder, S.K. & Nekaris, A.I. 2011. Tips from the bush: an A–Z of suggestions for successful fieldwork. In Field and Laboratory Methods in Primatology, Setchell, J.M. & Curtis, D.J. (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 387–403.Google Scholar
Bearder, S.K., Honess, P.E. & Ambrose, L. 1995. Species diversity among galagos with special reference to mate recognition. In Creatures of the Dark: The nocturnal prosimians, Alterman, L., Doyle, G.A. & Izard, M.K. (eds). New York: Plenum Press, pp. 331–352.Google Scholar
Beaumont, M.A. 1999. Detecting population expansion and decline using microsatellites. Genetics 153: 2013–2029.Google Scholar
Beaune, S.A. 2004. The invention of technology: prehistory and cognition. Current Anthropology 45: 139–162.Google Scholar
Begun, D.R. 2007. Fossil record of miocene hominoids. In Handbook of Paleoanthropology, Henke, W. & Tattersall, I. (eds). Berlin: Springer, pp. 921–977.Google Scholar
Behling, H. 2002. South and southeast Brazilian grasslands during Late Quaternary times: a synthesis. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 177: 19–27.Google Scholar
Behrensmeyer, A.K., Badgley, C., Barry, J.C., Morgan, M.E. & Raza, S.M. 2005. The paleoenvironmental context of Siwalik Miocene vertebrate localities. In Interpreting the Past: Essays on Human, Primate and Mammal Evolution in Honor of David Pilbeam, Lieberman, D.E., Smith, R.J. & Kelley, J. (eds). Boston: Brill Academic, pp. 47–61.Google Scholar
Behrensmeyer, A.K. & Reed, K.E. 2013. Reconstructing the habits of Australopithecus: paleoenvironments, site taphonomy, and fauna. In The Paleobiology of Australopithecus, Reed, K.E., Fleagle, J.G. & Leakey, R.E. (eds). Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 41–60.Google Scholar
Beilfuss, R., Moore, D., Bento, C. & Dutton, P. 2001. Patterns of vegetation change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique. Working Paper 3. Mozambique: Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and the Lower Zambezi Valley. http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/349-patterns_vegetation_change_zambezi_delta.pdf.Google Scholar
Beja, P., Santos, C.D., Santana, J., et al. 2010. Seasonal patterns of spatial variation in understory bird assemblages across a mosaic of flooded and unflooded Amazonian forests. Biodiversity & Conservation 19: 129–152.Google Scholar
Beltrão-Mendes, R., Cunha, A.A. & Ferrari, S.F. 2011. New localities and perspectives on the sympatry between two Endangered primates (Callicebus coimbrai and Cebus xanthosternos) in northeastern Brazil. Mammalia 75: 103–105.Google Scholar
Benchimol, M. & Peres, C.A. 2013. Anthropogenic modulators of species-area relationships in Neotropical primates: a continental-scale analysis of fragmented forest landscapes. Diversity & Distributions 19: 1339–1352.Google Scholar
Benchimol, M. & Peres, C.A. 2015a. Widespread forest vertebrate extinctions induced by a mega hydroelectric dam in lowland Amazonia. PLOS One 10: e0129818.Google Scholar
Benchimol, M. & Peres, C.A. 2015b. Predicting local extinctions of Amazonian vertebrates in forest islands created by a mega dam. Biological Conservation 187: 61–72.Google Scholar
Benchimol, M. & Venticinque, E.M. 2014. Responses of primates to landscape change in Amazonian land-bridge islands: a multi-scale analysis. Biotropica 46: 470–478.Google Scholar
Bennett, C.L., Leonard, S. & Carter, S. 2001. Abundance, diversity, and patterns of distribution of primates on the Tapiche River in Amazonian Peru. American Journal of Primatology 54: 119–126.Google Scholar
Bennett, E.L. 1986. Proboscis monkeys in Sarawak: their ecology, status, conservation and management. Report of WWF Project MAL 63/84., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: World Wildlife Fund.Google Scholar
Bennett, E. 1988. Proboscis monkeys and their swamp forests in Sarawak. Oryx 22: 69–74.Google Scholar
Bennett, E.L. & Davies, A.G. 1994. The ecology of Asian colobines. In Colobine Monkeys: Their Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution, Davies, A.G. & Oates, J.F. (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 129–171.Google Scholar
Bennett, E.L. & Gombek, F. 1993. Proboscis monkeys of Borneo. Sabah, Malaysia: Natural History Publications (Borneo), Malaysia.Google Scholar
Bennett, E.L. & Reynolds, C.J. 1993. The value of a mangrove area in Sarawak. Biodiversity & Conservation 2: 359–375.Google Scholar
Bennett, E.L. & Sebastian, A.C. 1988. Social organization and ecology of proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) in mixed coastal forest in Sarawak. International Journal of Primatology 9: 233–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernard, H., Matsuda, I., Hanya, G. & Ahmad, A.H. 2011a. Characteristics of night sleeping trees of proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) in Sabah, Malaysia. International Journal of Primatology 32: 259–267.Google Scholar
Bernard, H., Matsuda, I., Hanya, G. & Ahmad, A.H. 2011b. Effects of river width on sleeping-site selection by proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) in Sabah, Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation 8: 9–12.Google Scholar
Bernard, H. & Zulhazman, H. 2006. Population size and distribution of the proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in the Klias Peninsula, Sabah, Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 59: 1531–1563.Google Scholar
Bermejo, M. 2004. Home-range use and intergroup encounters in western gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla) at Lossi, North Congo. American Journal of Primatology 64: 223–232.Google Scholar
Bezanson, M., Garber, P.A., Murphy, J.T. & Premo, L.S. 2008. Patterns of subgrouping and spatial affiliation in a community of mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata). American Journal of Primatology 70: 282–293.Google Scholar
Bezerra, B.M., Barnett, A., Silva, Junior, J., Souto, A. & Jones, G. 2008. Sounding out species: holes in our distributional knowledge of Amazonian primates, and the potential for call playback as a survey technique. Transactions of the XXII International Primatological Society Congress, Edinburgh. August 2–8 2008, Primate Society of Great Britain, Presentation # 69, pp. 249–250.Google Scholar
Bezerra, B.M., Barnett, A.A., Souto, A. & Jones, G. 2011. Ethogram and natural history of golden-backed uakaris (Cacajao melanocephalus). International Journal of Primatology 32: 46–68.Google Scholar
Bezerra, B.M., Bastos, M., Souto, A., et al. 2014. Camera trap observations of nonhabituated critically endangered wild blonde capuchins, Sapajus flavius (formerly Cebus flavius). International Journal of Primatology 35: 895–907.Google Scholar
Bezerra, B.M. & Souto, A. 2008. Structure and usage of the vocal repertoire of Callithrix jacchus. International Journal of Primatology 29: 671–701.Google Scholar
Bezerra, B.M., Souto, A.S. & Jones, G. 2010a. Vocal repertoire of golden-backed uakaris (Cacajao melanocephalus): call structure and context. International Journal of Primatology 31: 759–778.Google Scholar
Bezerra, B.M., Souto, A.S. & Jones, G. 2010b. Responses of golden-backed uakaris, Cacajao melanocephalus, to call playback: implications for surveys in the flooded Igapó forest. Primates 51: 327–336.Google Scholar
Bezerra, B.M., Souto, A.S. & Jones, G. 2012. Propagation of the loud ‘tchó’ call of golden-backed uakaris, Cacajao melanocephalus, in the black-swamp forests of the upper Amazon. Primates 53: 317–325.Google Scholar
Bezerra, B.M., Souto, A.S., Radford, A.N. & Jones, G. 2011. Brevity is not always a virtue in primate communication. Biology Letters 7: 23–25.Google Scholar
Bi, S.G., Bené, J.C.K., Bitty, E.A., et al. 2013. Roloway guenon (Cercopithecus diana roloway) and white-naped mangabey (Cercocebus atys lunulatus) prefer mangrove habitats in Tanoé forest, southeastern Ivory Coast. Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography 3: 126.Google Scholar
Bi, S.G., Bené, J.C.K., Bitty, E.A., Kone, I. & Zinner, D. 2009. Distribution of the green monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus) in the coastal zone of the Cote d’Ivoire. Primate Conservation 24: 91–97.Google Scholar
Bi, S.G., Kone, I., Bene, J.C.K., et al. 2008. Tanoe forest, southeastern Cote d’Ivoire identified as a high priority for the conservation of Critically Endangered primates in West Africa. Tropical Conservation Science 1: 265–278.Google Scholar
Bibby, C., Jones, M. & Marsden, S. 1998. Bird Surveys. Expedition Field Techniques series, No. 7. London: Expedition Advisory Centre, Royal Geographical Society.Google Scholar
Bicca-Marques, J.C. & Calegaro-Marques, C. 1995. Updating the known distribution of the pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea) in the state of Acre, Brazil. Neotropical Primates 3: 48–49.Google Scholar
Bicca-Marques, J.C. & Calegaro-Marques, C. 1998. Behavioral thermoregulation in a sexually and developmentally dichromatic neotropical primate, the black-and-gold howling monkey (Alouatta caraya). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 10: 533–546.Google Scholar
Bicca-Marques, J.C. & Heymann, E.W. 2013. Ecology and behavior of titi monkeys (genus Callicebus). In Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Titis, Sakis and Uacaris, L.M. Veiga, A.A. Barnett, S.F. Ferrari, & M.A. Norconk (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 196–207.Google Scholar
Biddulph, J. & Kellman, M. 1998. Fuels and fire at savanna-gallery forest boundaries in southeastern Venezuela. Journal of Tropical Ecology 14: 445–461.Google Scholar
Bien, A. 2008. A Simple User’s Guide to Certification for Sustainable Tourism and Ecotourism. Washington DC: Center for Ecotourism and Sustainable Development.Google Scholar
Birdlife International. 2015. Important Bird Areas Factsheet. Cambridge, UK: Birdlife International. http://www.birdlife.org.Google Scholar
Birkinshaw, C.R. & Colquhoun, I. 2003. Lemur food plants. In Natural History of Madagascar, Goodman, S. & Benstead, J. (eds). Chicago: Chicago University Press, pp. 1207–1220.Google Scholar
Bishop, J., Kapila, S., Hicks, F., Mitchell, P. & Vohries, F. 2009. New business models for biodiversity conservation. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 28: 285–303.Google Scholar
Bismark, M. 2010. Proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus): bio-ecology and conservation. In Indonesian Primates, Gursky-Doyen, S. & Supriatna, J. (eds). New York: Springer, pp. 217–236.Google Scholar
Blackham, G. 2005. Pilot Survey of Nocturnal Primates, Tarsius bancanus borneanus (Western Tarsier) and Nycticebus coucang menagenis (Slow Loris) in Peat Swamp Forest, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. MSc dissertation, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Blake, S. 1993. A Reconnaissance Survey in the Likouala Swamps of Northern Congo and its Implications for Conservation. MSc dissertation, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.Google Scholar
Blake, S. 1994. A pilot study of western lowland gorilla social organization at the Mbeli Bai, Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park, northern Congo. Unpublished report. USAID, Wildlife Conservation Society, GEF-Congo, Government of Congo, and GTZ.Google Scholar
Blake, S. 2002. Forest buffalo prefer clearings to closed-canopy forest in the primary forest of northern Congo. Oryx 36: 81–86.Google Scholar
Blake, S., Rogers, E., Fay, J.M., Ngangoue, M. & Ebeke, G. 1995. Swamp gorillas in northern Congo. African Journal of Ecology 33: 285–290.Google Scholar
Blench, R. 2007. Mammals of the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Unpublished report. Cambridge, UK: Kay Williamson Education Foundation. www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Animals/Mammals/Niger%20Delta%20mammal%20book.pdf.Google Scholar
Blesgraaf, R., Geilvoet, A., van der Hout, C., Smoorenburg, M. & Sotthewes, W. 2006. Salinity in the Casamance Estuary: occurrence and consequences. Joint MSc project dissertation. Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.Google Scholar
Blomquist, G.E, Kowalewski, M.M. & Leigh, S.R. 2008. Demographic and morphological perspectives on life history evolution and conservation of new world monkeys. In South American Primates; Comparative Perspectives in the Study of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation, Garber, P., Estrada, A., Bicca-Marques, J.C., Heymann, E.W. & Strier, K.B. (eds). Development in Primatology, Progress & Prospects series. New York: Springer, pp. 117–138.Google Scholar
Blouch, R. 1997. Distribution and abundance of orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) and other primates in the Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary, Sarawak, Malaysia. Tropical Biodiversity 4: 259–274.Google Scholar
Blumenfeld-Jones, K., Randriamboavonjy, T.M., Williams, G., et al. 2006. Tamarind recruitment and long-term stability in the gallery forest at Berenty, Madagascar. In Ringtailed Lemur Biology: Lemur catta in Madagascar, Jolly, A., Koyama, N., Rasamimanana, H.R. & Sussman, R.W. (eds). New York: Springer, pp. 69–85.Google Scholar
Bobadilla, U.L. & Ferrari, S.F. 2000. Habitat use by Chiropotes satanas utahicki and syntopic platyrrhines in eastern Amazonia. American Journal of Primatology 50: 215–224.Google Scholar
Bobe, R. 2006. The evolution of arid ecosystems in eastern Africa. Journal of Arid Environments 66: 564–584.Google Scholar
Bobrowiec, P.E.D., Rosa, L.D.S., Gazarini, J. & Haugaasen, T. 2014. Phyllostomid bat assemblage structure in Amazonian flooded and unflooded forests. Biotropica 46: 312–321.Google Scholar
Bocian, C. 1998. Preliminary observations on the status of primates in the Etiema community forest. Unpublished report. Lagos, Nigeria: A.G. Leventis Foundation and the Nigerian Conservation Foundation.Google Scholar
Bocian, C. 1999. A primate survey of the Okoroba community forest, Edumanom Forest Reserve. Unpublished report. Lagos, Nigeria: A.G. Leventis Foundation and the Nigerian Conservation Foundation.Google Scholar
Bodmer, R.E. 1990. Responses of ungulates to seasonal inundations in the Amazon floodplain. Journal of Tropical Ecology 6: 191–201.Google Scholar
Boinski, S. 1993. Vocal coordination of troop movement among white-faced capuchin monkeys, Cebus capucinus. American Journal of Primatology 30: 85–100.Google Scholar
Boinski, S. & Campbell, A.F. 1996. The Huh vocalization of white-faced capuchins: a spacing call disguised as a food call? Ethology 102: 826–840.Google Scholar
Boinski, S., Jack, K., Lamarsh, C. & Coltrane, J.A. 1998. Squirrel monkeys in Costa Rica: drifting to extinction. Oryx 32: 45–58.Google Scholar
Boinski, S. & Siwt, L. 1997. Uncertain conservation status of squirrel monkeys in Costa Rica, Saimiri oerstedi oerstedi and Saimiri oerstedi citrinellus. Folia Primatologica 68: 181–193.Google Scholar
Bonetto, A.A. 1986. The Parana River System. In The Ecology of River Systems, Davies, B.R. & Walker, K.F. (eds). Dordrecht: Dr. W. Junk Publishers, pp. 541–556.Google Scholar
Boo, E. 1992. The Ecotourism Boom: Planning for Development and Management. Washington DC: WWF, Wildlands and Human Needs Program.Google Scholar
Boonratana, R. 1993. The ecology and behaviour of the proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in the Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah. PhD thesis, Mahidol University, Thailand.Google Scholar
Boonratana, R. 2000a. A study of the vegetation of the forests in the lower Kinabatangan region, Sabah, Malaysia. Malay Nature Journal 54: 271–288.Google Scholar
Boonratana, R. 2000b. Ranging behavior of proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) in the Lower Kinabatangan, northern Borneo. International Journal of Primatology 21: 497–518.Google Scholar
Boonratana, R. 2000c. A study of the vegetation of the forests in the lower Kinabatangan region, Sabah, Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 54: 271–288.Google Scholar
Boonratana, R. 2003. Feeding ecology of proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) in the Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah, Malaysia. Sabah Parks Nature Journal 6: 1–26.Google Scholar
Boonratana, R. 2011. Observations on the sexual behaviour and birth seasonality of proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) along the lower Kinabatangan River, northern Borneo. Asian Primates Journal 2: 2–7.Google Scholar
Boonratana, R. 2013. Fragmentation and its significance on the conservation of proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in the Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah (North Borneo). In Primates in Fragments: Complexity and Resilience, Marsh, L.K. & Chapman, C.A. (eds). New York: Springer, pp. 459–474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boonratana, R. & Sharma, D.S. 1997. Checklist of wildlife species recorded in the Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah. Journal of Wildlife Management and Research Sabah 1: 47–60.Google Scholar
Booth, A.H. 1958. The Niger, the Volta and the Dahomey Gap as geographic barriers. Evolution 12: 48–62.Google Scholar
Bordignon, M.O., Setz, E.Z.F. & Caselli, C.B. 2008. Gênero Callicebus Thomas 1903. In Primatas Brasileiros, dos Reis, N.R., Peracchi, A.L. & Andrade, F.R. (eds). Londrina, Brazil: Technical Books, pp.153–166.Google Scholar
Borger, L., Franconi, N., Michele, G., et al. 2006. Effects of sampling regime on the mean and variance of home range size estimates. Journal of Animal Ecology 75: 1393–1405.Google Scholar
Borries, C., Koenig, A. & Winkler, P. 2001. Variation of life history traits and mating patterns in female langur monkeys (Semnopithecus entellus). Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology 50: 391–402.Google Scholar
Boschetti, L., Roy, D.P. & Justice, C.O. 2008. The collection 5 MODIS burned area product – global evaluation by comparison with the MODIS active fire product. Remote Sensing of Environment 112: 3690–3707.Google Scholar
Boubli, J.P. 1993. Southern expension of the geographic distribution of Cacajao melanocephalus melanocephalus. International Journal of Primatology 14: 933–937.Google Scholar
Boubli, J. P. 1997. Ecology of the black uakari monkey, Cacajao melanocephalus melanocephalus. Pico da Neblina National Park, Brazil, PhD Thesis. Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Boubli, J.P. 1999. Feeding ecology of black-headed uacaris (Cacajao melanocephalus melanocephalus) in Pico da Neblina National Park, Brazil. International Journal of Primatology 20: 719–749.Google Scholar
Boubli, J.P. 2005. Floristics, primary productivity and primate diversity in Amazonia: Contrasting a eutrophic várzea forest and an oligotrophic caatinga forest in Brazil. In Tropical Fruits and Frugivores, Dew, L.J. & Boubli, J.P. (eds). Netherlands: Springer, pp. 59–73.Google Scholar
Boubli, J.P., da Silva, M.N.F., Amado, M.V., et al. 2008. A taxonomic reassessment of Cacajao melanocephalus Humboldt (1811), with the description of two new species. International Journal of Primatology 29: 723–741.Google Scholar
Boubli, J.P. & de Lima, M.G. 2009. Modeling the geographical distribution and fundamental niches of Cacajao spp. and Chiropotes israelita in northwestern Amazonia via a maximum entropy algorithm. International Journal of Primatology 30: 217–228.Google Scholar
Boubli, J.P. & Tokuda, M. 2008. Socioecology of black uakari monkeys, Cacajao hosomi. Pico da Neblina National Park, Brazil: the role of the peculiar spatial-temporal distribution of resources in the Neblina forests. Primate Report 75: 3–10.Google Scholar
Boubli, J.P., Ribas, C., Alfaro, J.W.L., et al. 2015. Spatial and temporal patterns of diversification on the Amazon: A test of the riverine hypothesis for all diurnal primates of Rio Negro and Rio Branco in Brazil. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 82: 400–412.Google Scholar
Boulton, A.M., Horrocks, J.A. & Baulu, J. 1996. The barbados vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaens): changes in population size and crop damage, 1980–1994. International Journal of Primatology 17: 831–844.Google Scholar
Bourliere, F., Bertrand, M. & Hunkeler, C. 1969. L’écologie de la mone de Lowe (Cercopithecus campbelli lowei) en Côte d’Ivoire. Revue d’Écologie: La Terre et La Vie 116: 135–163.Google Scholar
Bourliere, F., Hunkeler, C. & Bertrand, M. 1970. Ecology and behavior of Lowe’s Guenon (Cercopithecus campbelli lowei) in the Ivory Coast. In Old World Primates, Napier, J.R. & Napier, P.H. (eds). New York: Academic Press, pp. 297–350.Google Scholar
Bowler, M. 2007. The ecology and conservation of the red uakari monkey on the Yavari River, Peru. PhD thesis, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.Google Scholar
Bowler, M., Barton, C., McCann-Wood, S., Puertas, P. & Bodmer, R. 2013. Annual variation in breeding success and changes in population density of Cacajao calvus ucayalii in the Lago Preto Conservation Concession, Peru. In Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Titis, Sakis and Uacaris, Veiga, L., Barnett, A., Ferrari, S. & Norconk, M. (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 173–178.Google Scholar
Bowler, M. & Bodmer, R.E. 2009. Social behavior in fission-fusion groups of red uakari monkeys (Cacajao calvus ucayalii). American Journal of Primatology 71: 976–987.Google Scholar
Bowler, M. & Bodmer, RE. 2011. Diet and food choice in Peruvian red uakaris (Cacajao calvus ucayalii): selective or opportunistic seed predation?. International Journal of Primatology 32: 1109–1122.Google Scholar
Bowler, M., Knogge, C., Heymann, E.W. & Zinner, D. 2012. Multilevel societies in New World primates? Flexibility may characterize the organization of Peruvian red uakaris (Cacajao calvus ucayalii). International Journal of Primatology 33: 1110–1124.Google Scholar
Bowler, M., Noriega, M.J., Recharte, M., Puertas, P. & Bodmer, R. 2009. Peruvian red uakari monkeys (Cacajao calvus ucayalii) in the Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve – a range extension across a major river barrier. Neotropical Primates 16: 34–37.Google Scholar
Bown, T.M., Kraus, J., Wing, S.L., et al. 1982. The primate Fayum forest revisited. Journal of Human Evolution 11: 603–632.Google Scholar
Boyes, S. 2014. Sold up the river? Hydropower threat re-opens debate. http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2014/05/27/sold-up-the-river-hydro-power-threatens-okavango-delta.Google Scholar
Boyle, S. 2008. Human impacts on primate conservation in central Amazonia. Tropical Conservation Science 1: 6–17.Google Scholar
Boyle, S., Lenz, B., Gilbert, K., et al. 2013. Primates of the biological dynamics of forest fragments project: a history. In Primates in Fragments: Complexity and Resilience, Marsh, L.K. & Chapman, C.A. (eds). New York: Springer, pp. 57–74.Google Scholar
Boyle, S.A., Lourenco, W., da Silva, L. & Smith, A.T. 2009. Home range estimates vary with sample size and methods. Folia Primatologica 80: 33–42.Google Scholar
BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) 2004. Population statistics. www.bps.go.id/sector/population.Google Scholar
Brahma, G., Debnath, H.S. & Mukherjee, S.K. 2008. Studies on mangrove flora of Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuary, Sundarban, West Bengal. In Proceedings of the International Seminar on ‘Multidisciplinary approaches in angiosperm systematic’, pp. 422–427.Google Scholar
Branch, G., Branch, M. & Bannister, A. 1998. The Living Shores of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik Publishers.Google Scholar
Branch, L.C. 1983. Seasonal and habitat differences in the abundance of primates in the Amazon (Tapajos) National Park, Brazil. Primates 24: 424–431.Google Scholar
Bravo, S.P. 2008. Seed dispersal and ingestion of insect-infested seeds by black howler monkeys in flooded forests of the Parana River, Argentina. Biotropica 40: 471–476.Google Scholar
Bravo, S.P. & Sallenave, A. 2003. Foraging behavior and activity patterns of Alouatta caraya in the northeastern Argentinean flooded forest. International Journal of Primatology 24: 825–846.Google Scholar
Braza, F. 1980. El araguato rojo (Alouatta seniculus). Doñana Acta Vertebrata 7: 1–175.Google Scholar
Brearley, F.Q., Proctor, J., Suriantata, N.L. Dalrymple, G. & Voysey, B.C. 2007. Reproductive phenology over a 10-year period in a lowland evergreen rain forest of central Borneo. Journal of Ecology 95: 828–839.Google Scholar
Brennan, E.J., Else, J.G. & Altmann, J. 1985. Ecology and behaviour of a pest primate: vervet monkeys in a tourist‐lodge habitat. African Journal of Ecology 23: 35–44.Google Scholar
Bridgeman, L.L. 2012. The feeding ecology of Yucatán Black Howler Monkeys (Alouatta pigra) in mangrove forest, Tabasco, Mexico. PhD thesis, Washington University in St. Louis. St. Louis, MO, United States.Google Scholar
Brito, D., Oliveira, L.C., Oprea, M. & Mello, M.A. 2009. An overview of Brazilian mammalogy: trends, biases and future directions. Zoologia (Curitiba) 26: 67–73.Google Scholar
Brockelman, W.Y. & Ali, R. 1987. Methods of surveying and sampling forest primate populations. In Primate Conservation in the Tropical Forest, Marsh, C.W. & Mittermeier, R.A. (eds). New York: Alan R. Liss, pp. 23–62.Google Scholar
Brockelman, W.Y. & Srikosamatara, S. 1993. Estimation of density of gibbon groups by use of loud songs. American Journal of Primatology 29: 93–108Google Scholar
Bronikowski, A.M. & Altmann, J. 1996. Foraging in a variable environment: weather patterns and the behavioral ecology of baboons. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 39: 11–25Google Scholar
Brook, B.W., Sodhi, N.S. & Ng, P.K.L. 2003. Catastrophic extinctions follow deforestation in Singapore. Nature 424: 420–426.Google Scholar
Brooks, T.M., Mittermeier, R.A., da Fonseca, G.A.B., et al. 2006. Global biodiversity conservation priorities. Science 313: 58–61.Google Scholar
Brooks, T.M., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., et al. 2002. Habitat loss and extinction in the hotspots of biodiversity. Conservation Biology 16: 909–923.Google Scholar
Brotoisworo, E. 1983. Population dynamic of Lutung (Presbytis cristata) in Pananjung-Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java. In Training Course on Wildlife Ecology, May 5–June 15, 1983. Bogor, Indonesia: Biotrop, pp. 1–24.Google Scholar
Brotoisworo, E. & Dirgayusa, I.W.A. 1991. Ranging and feeding behaviour of Presbytis cristata in the Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia. In Proceedings of the XIIIth Congress of the International Primatological Society, Ehara, A., Kimura, T., Takenaka, O. & Dirgayusa, M. (eds). The Hague: Elsevier Science, pp. 115–118.Google Scholar
Brown, A. & Thieme, M. 2005. Ecoregion 58: Niger delta. In Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment. Thieme, M.L., Abell, R., Burgess, N., et al. (eds). New York: Island Press, pp. 291–294.Google Scholar
Brown, A.D. & Zunino, G.E. 1994. Hábitat, densidad y problemas de conservación de los primates de Argentina. Vida Silvestre Neotropical 3: 30–40.Google Scholar
Brown, M. 2011. Intergroup encounters in grey-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) and redtail monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius): form and function. PhD thesis, New York, Columbia University, USA.Google Scholar
Bruford, M.W., Ancrenaz, M., Chikhi, L., et al. 2010. Projecting genetic diversity and population viability for the fragmented orang-utan population in the Kinabatangan floodplain, Sabah, Malaysia. Endangered Species Research 12: 249–262.Google Scholar
Brugiere, D., Sakom, D. & Gautier-Hion, A. 2005. The conservation significance of the proposed Mbaéré-Bodingué National Park, Central African Republic, with special emphasis on its primate community. Biodiversity & Conservation 14: 505–522.Google Scholar
Brumm, H. 2004. Acoustic communication in noise: regulation of call characteristics in a New World monkey. Journal of Experimental Biology 207: 443–448.Google Scholar
Brunet, M., Guy, F., Pilbeam, D., et al. 2005. New material of the earliest hominid from the upper Miocene of Chad. Nature 434: 752–755.Google Scholar
Buchanan-Smith, H.M., Hardie, S.M., Caceres, C. & Prescott, M.J. 2000. Distribution and forest utilization of Saguinus and other primates of the Pando Department, northern Bolivia. International Journal of Primatology 21: 353–379.Google Scholar
Buckland, S., Plumptre, A., Thomas, L. & Rexstad, E. 2010. Design and analysis of line transect surveys for primates. International Journal of Primatology 31: 883–847.Google Scholar
Buckley, C., Nekaris, K.A.I. & Husson, S.J. 2006. Survey of Hylobates agilis albibarbis in a logged peat-swamp forest: Sabangau catchment, central Kalimantan. Primates 47: 327–335.Google Scholar
Buckley, J.S. 1983. The feeding behavior, social behavior and ecology of the white-faced monkey, Cebus capucinus, at Trujillo, northern Honduras, Central America. PhD thesis, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.Google Scholar
Buffon, G.L.L. 1789. Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière, Servant de Suite à l’Histoire des Animaux Quadrupèdes. Supplément Volume VII. Paris: L’Imprimerie Royale.Google Scholar
Buij, R., Singleton, I., Krakauer, E. & van Schaik, C.P. 2003. Rapid assessment of orangutan density. Biological Conservation 114: 103–113.Google Scholar
Buij, R., Wich, S.A., Lubis, A.H. & Sterck, E.H.M. 2002. Seasonal movements in the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus abelii) and consequences for conservation. Biological Conservation 107: 83–87.Google Scholar
Bunlungsup, S., Imai, H., Hamada, Y., et al. 2016. Morphological characteristics and genetic diversity of Burmese Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis aurea). American Journal of Primatology 78: 441–455.Google Scholar
Burgess, N., D’Amico, H.J., Underwood, E., et al. 2004. Terrestrial Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Continental Assessment. Washington DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Burgess, N.D., Salehe, J., Doggart, N., et al. 2004. Coastal forests of eastern Africa. In Hotspots Revisited. Mittermeier, R.A., Robles, P., Hoffmann, M., et al. (eds). Mexico City: CI/CEMEX, pp. 230–239.Google Scholar
Burney, D.A., Pigott-Burney, L., Godfrey, L.R., et al. 2004. A chronology for late prehistoric Madagascar. Journal of Human Evolution 47: 25–63.Google Scholar
Butynski, T.M., De Jong, Y.A., Perkin, A.W., Bearder, S.K. & Honess, P.E. 2006. Taxonomy and distribution of three species of dwarf galagos (Galagoides) in eastern Africa. Primate Conservation 21: 63–79.Google Scholar
Butynski, T.M. & Gippoliti, S. 2008. Cercopithecus mitis ssp. boutourlinii. In IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. e.T136901A4349249.Google Scholar
Butynski, T.M. & Hamerlynck, O. 2016. Tana River red colobus Piliocolobus rufomitratus (Peters, 1879). In Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2014–2016, Schwitzer, C., Mittermeier, R.A., Rylands, A.B., et al. (eds). Arlington, VA: IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group, pp. 20–22.Google Scholar
Butynski, T.M. & Mwangi, G. 1994. Conservation status and distribution of the Tana River red colobus and crested mangabey. Unpublished report. Nairobi: Kenya Wildlife Service and Zoo Atlanta.Google Scholar
Butynski, T.M., Kingdon, J. & Kalina, J. (eds). 2013. Mammals of Africa. Volume II: Primates. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Butynski, T.M., Struhsaker, T., Kingdon, J. & De Jong, Y.A. 2008. Cercocebus galeritus. In IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. e.T4200A10615270.Google Scholar
Bwangoy, J.-R.B., Hansen, M.C., Roy, D.P., Grandi, G.D. & Justice, C.O. 2010. Wetland mapping in the Congo Basin using optical and radar remotely sensed data and derived topographical indices. Remote Sensing of Environment 114: 73–86.Google Scholar
Byrne, H., Rylands, A.B., Carneiro, J.C., Lynch-Alfaro, J.W., Bertuol, F., da Silva, M.N.F., Messias, M., Groves, C.P., Mittermeier, R.A., Farias, I., Hrbek, T., Schneider, H., Sampaio, I. & Boubli, J.P. 2016. Phylogenetic relationships of the New World titi monkeys (Callicebus): first appraisal of taxonomy based on molecular evidence. Frontiers in Zoology 13: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-016-0142-4.Google Scholar
Caballero, A., Rodríguez-Ramilo, S.T., Ávila, V. & Fernández, J. 2009. Management of genetic diversity of subdivided populations in conservation programmes. Conservation Genetics 11: 409–419.Google Scholar
Cabral, M.M.M., de Mattos, G.E. & Rosas, F.C.W. 2008. Mammals, birds and reptiles in Balbina reservoir, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Check List 4: 152–158.Google Scholar
Cáceres, N.C., Carmignotto, A.P., Fischer, E. & Santos, C.F. 2008. Mammals from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Check List 4: 321–335.Google Scholar
Cahoon, D.R., Hensel, P., Rybczyk, J., et al. 2003. Mass tree mortality leads to mangrove peat collapse at Bay Islands, Honduras after Hurricane Mitch. Journal of Ecology 91: 1093–1105.Google Scholar
Caldecott, J. & Miles., L. (eds). 2005. World Atlas of Great Apes and their Conservation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Calegaro-Marques, C. & Bicca-Marques, J.C. 1996. Emigration in a black howling monkey group. International Journal of Primatology 17: 229–237.Google Scholar
Campbell, C., Andayani, N., Cheyne, S.M., et al. 2008. Indonesian Gibbon Conservation and Management Workshop Final Report. Apple Valley, MN: IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group.Google Scholar
Campbell, C.J., Aureli, F., Chapman, C.A., et al. 2005. Terrestrial behavior of Ateles spp. International Journal of Primatology 26: 1039–1051.Google Scholar
Campisano, C.J. 2007. Tephrostratigraphy and hominin paleoenvironments of the Hadar formation, Afar Depression, Ethiopia. PhD thesis, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.Google Scholar
Canale, G.R. 2010. Ecology and behaviour of the yellow-breasted capuchin monkey (Cebus xanthosternos) in the northern Atlantic Forest. PhD thesis, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.Google Scholar
Canale, G.R., Guidorizzi, C.E., Kierulff, M.C.M. & Gatto, C.A.F.R. 2009. First record of tool use by wild populations of the yellow-breasted capuchin monkey (Cebus xanthosternos) and new records for the bearded capuchin (Cebus libidinosus). American Journal of Primatology 71: 366–372.Google Scholar
Cannon, C.H., Curran, L.M., Marshall, A.J. & Leighton, M. 2007. Long-term reproductive behaviour of woody plants across seven Bornean forest types in the Gunung Palung National Park (Indonesia): suprannual synchrony, temporal productivity and fruiting diversity. Ecology Letters 10: 956–969.Google Scholar
Cardoso, N.A. 2015. Cacajao calvus calvus e Cacajao calvus rubicundus (Primates: Pitheciidae): influência da vegetação em sua distribuição geográfica na Amazônia Central, Brasil. PhD thesis, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.Google Scholar
Care for the Wild International and Pro Wildlife 2007. Going to Pot: The Neotropical Bushmeat Crisis and its Impact on Primate Populations. Kingsfold, UK: Care for the Wild International.Google Scholar
Carlton, J.T. & Hodder, J. 2003. Maritime mammals: terrestrial mammals as consumers in marine inter-tidal communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 256: 271–286.Google Scholar
Carnegie, S.D., Fedigan, L.M. & Melin, A.D. 2011. Reproductive seasonality in female capuchins (Cebus capucinus) in Santa Rosa (Area de Conservación Guanacaste), Costa Rica. International Journal of Primatology 32: 1076–1090.Google Scholar
Caro, T. 2010. Conservation by Proxy: Indicator, Umbrella, Keystone, Flagship, and other Surrogate Species, 2nd edition. Washington DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Carpenter, S.R., Stanley, E.H. & VanderZanden, M.J. 2011. State of the world’s freshwater ecosystems: physical, chemical, and biological changes. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 36: 75–99.Google Scholar
Carretero, X. 2000. Un estudio ecológico de Saimiri sciureus y su asociación con Cebus apella, en la Macarena, Colombia. BSc dissertation. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.Google Scholar
Carretero-Pinzón, X. 2008. Efecto de la disponibilidad de recursos sobre la ecología y comportamiento de Saimiri sciureus albigena en fragmentos de bosque de galería, San Martín (Meta - Colombia). MSc thesis, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.Google Scholar
Carretero-Pinzón, X. 2013. An eight-year life history of a primate community in fragments at Colombian Llanos. In Primates in Fragments: Complexity and Resilience, Marsh, L.K. & Chapman, C.A. (eds). New York: Springer, pp. 159–182.Google Scholar
Carretero-Pinzón, X., Ruiz-García, M. & Defler, T. 2009. The taxonomy and conservation status of Saimiri sciureus albigena: a squirrel monkey endemic to Colombia. Primate Conservation 24: 59–64.Google Scholar
Carretero-Pinzón, X., Ruíz-García, M. & Defler, T.R. 2010. Uso de cercas vivas como corredores biológicos por primates en los llanos orientales. In Libro del Primer Congreso Colombiano de Primatología, V. Pereira & M.L. Bueno (eds). Bogotá, pp. 91–98.Google Scholar
Carroll, R.L. 1987. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. New York: W.H. Freeman and Co.Google Scholar
Carvalho, L., Lepisto, L., Rissanen, J., et al. 2006. Nutrients and eutrophication in lakes. In Indicators and Methods for the Ecological Status Assessment under the Water Framework Directive: Linkages between Chemical and Biological Quality of Surface Waters, Solimini, A., Cardoso, A.C. & Heiskanen, A.-S. (eds). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, pp. 3–32.Google Scholar
Carvajal, P., Porcel, Z. & Flores, C. 2013. Conservation of endemic titi monkeys through strategic outreach in Bolivia. Unpublished technical report. La Paz, Bolivia: Wildlife Conservation Society.Google Scholar
Casanovas-Vilar, I., Alba, D.M, Garcés, M., Robles, J.M. & Moyà-Solà, S. 2011. Updated chronology for the Miocene hominoid radiation in western Eurasia. Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences of the Unites States of America 108: 554–559.Google Scholar
Casimir, M.J. 1975. Feeding ecology and nutrition of an eastern gorilla group in the Mt Kahuzi region (République du Zaïre). Folia Primatologia 24: 81–136.Google Scholar
Casimir, M.J. & Butenandt, E. 1973. Migration and core area shifting in relation to some ecological factors in a mountain gorilla group (Gorilla gorilla beringei) in the Mt. Kahuzi region (République du Zaïre). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 33: 514–522.Google Scholar
Castello, L., McGrath, D.G., Hess, L.L., et al. 2013. The vulnerability of Amazon freshwater ecosystems. Conservation Letters 6: 217–229.Google Scholar
Castiblanco, C., Etter, A. & Aide, M. 2013. Oil palm plantations in Colombia: a model of future expansion. Environmental Science & Policy 27: 172–183.Google Scholar
Caton, J.M. 1999. Digestive strategy of the Asian colobine genus Trachypithecus. Primates 40: 311–325.Google Scholar
Cattanio, J.H., Anderson, A.B., Rombold, J.S. & Nepstad, D.C. 2004. Phenology, growth, and root biomass in a tidal floodplain forest in the Amazon estuary. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 27: 703–712.Google Scholar
Cattau, M.E., Husson, S.J. & Cheyne, S.M. 2013. The Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) in a vanishing forest: the former Mega Rice Project, Indonesia. Oryx 49: 473–480.Google Scholar
Cattau, M.E., Husson, S. & Cheyne, S.M. 2015. Population status of the Bornean orang-utan Pongo pygmaeus in a vanishing forest in Indonesia: the former Mega Rice Project. Oryx 49: 473–480.Google Scholar
Catullo, G., Masi, M., Falcucci, A., Maiorano, L., Rondinini, C. & Boitani, L. 2008. A gap analysis of Southeast Asian mammals based on habitat suitability models. Biological Conservation 141: 2730–2744.Google Scholar
Causado, J., Cuarón, A.D., Shedden, A., Rodríguez-Luna, E. & de Grammont, P.C. 2008. Cebus capucinus. In IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. www.iucnredlist.org.Google Scholar
Ceballos-Mago, N. & Chivers, D. 2013. A Critically Endangered capuchin (Sapajus apella margaritae) living in mountain forest fragments on Isla de Margarita, Venezuela. In Primates in Fragments: Complexity and Resilience, 2nd edition, Marsh, L.M. & Chapman, C.A. (eds). New York: Springer, pp. 183–195.Google Scholar
Cerling, T.E., Chritz, K.L., Jablonski, N.G., Leakey, M.G. & Manthi, F.K. 2013. Diet of Theropithecus from 4 to 1 Ma in Kenya. Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences of the Unites States of America 110: 10507–10512.Google Scholar
Cerling, T.E., Mbua, E., Kirera, F.M., et al. 2011b. Diet of Paranthropus boisei in the early Pleistocene of East Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences of the Unites States of America 108: 9337–9341.Google Scholar
Cerling, T.E., Wynn, J.G., Andanje, S.A., et al. 2011a. Woody cover and hominin environments in the past 6 million years. Nature 476: 51–56.Google Scholar
Chabot, V.C. & Bird, D.M. 2014. Measuring habitat quality for least bitterns in a created wetland with use of a small unmanned aircraft. Wetlands 34: 527–533.Google Scholar
Chagas, R.R.D. & Ferrari, S.F. 2010. Habitat use by Callicebus coimbrai (Primates: Pitheciidae) and sympatric species in the fragmented landscape of the Atlantic forest of southern Sergipe, Brazil. Zoologia 27: 853–860.Google Scholar
Chalk, J. 2011. The effects of feeding strategies and food mechanics on the ontogeny of masticatory function in the Cebus libidinosus cranium. PhD Dissertation. Boston University, Boston, Massachussetts, United States.Google Scholar
Chapman, C.A. & Chapman, L.J. 2002. Foraging challenges of red colobus monkeys: influence of nutrients and secondary compounds. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 133: 861–875.Google Scholar
Chapman, C.A. & Lambert, J.E. 2000. Habitat alteration and the conservation of African primates: case study of Kibale National Park, Uganda. American Journal of Primatology 50: 169–185.Google Scholar
Chapman, C.A. & Onderdonk, D.A. 1998. Forests without primates: primate/plant codependency. American Journal of Primatology 45: 127–141.Google Scholar
Chapman, C.A. & Peres, C.A. 2001. Primate conservation in the new millennium: the role of scientists. Evolutionary Anthropology 10: 16–33.Google Scholar
Chapman, C.A., Balcomb, S.R., Gillespie, T.R., Skorupa, J.P. & Struhsaker, T.T. 2000. Long-term effects of logging on African primate communities: a 28-year comparison from Kibale National Park, Uganda. Conservation Biology 14: 207–217.Google Scholar
Chapman, C.A., Chapman, L.J., Bjorndal, K.A. & Onderdonk, D.A. 2002. Application of protein-to-fiber ratios to predict colobine abundance on different spatial scales. International Journal of Primatology 23: 283–310.Google Scholar
Chapman, C.A., Chapman, L.J., Cords, M., et al. 2002. Variation in the diets of Cercopithecus species: intraspecific differences within forests, among forests, and across species, In The Guenons: Diversity and Adaptation in African Monkeys, Glenn, M.E. & Cords, M. (eds). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publisher, pp. 325–350.Google Scholar
Chapman, C.A., Chapman, L.J., Naughton-Treves, L., Lawes, M.J. & McDowell, L.R. 2004. Predicting folivorous primate abundance: validation of a nutritional model. American Journal of Primatology 62: 55–69.Google Scholar
Chapman, C.A., Chapman, R., Wrangham, K., et al. 1992. Estimators of fruit abundance of tropical trees. Biotropica 24: 527–531.Google Scholar
Chapman, C.A., Gillespie, T.R. & Goldberg, T.L. 2005. Primates and the ecology of their infectious diseases: how will anthropogenic change affect host–parasite interactions? Evolutionary Anthropology 14: 134–144.Google Scholar
Chapman, C.A., Gautier-Hion, A., Oates, J.F. & Onderdonk, D.A. 1999. African primate communities: determinants of structure and threats to survival. In Primate Communities, J.G. Fleagle, C.H. Janson, Reed, (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–37.Google Scholar
Chapman, C.A., Lawes, M.J. & Eeley, H.A.C. 2006. What hope for African primate diversity? African Journal of Ecology 44: 116–133.Google Scholar
Chapman, C., Ria Ghai, R., Jacob, A., et al. 2013. Going, Going, Gone: a 15-year history of the decline of primates in forest fragments near Kibale National Park, Uganda. In Primates in Fragments: Complexity and Resilience, Marsh, L.K. & Chapman, C.A. (eds). New York: Springer, pp. 89–100.Google Scholar
Chapman, C., Struhsaker, T., Skorupa, J., Snaith, T. & Rothman, J. 2010. Understanding long-term primate community dynamics implications of forest change. Ecological Applications 20: 179–191.Google Scholar
Chapman, L.A., Chapman, C.A. & Chandler, M. 1996. Wetland ecotones as refugia for endangered fishes. Biological Conservation 78: 263–270Google Scholar
Chaudhuri, A.B. & Choudhury, A. 1994. Mangroves of the Sundarbans, Volume One: India. Bangkok: IUCN.Google Scholar
Chaves, O.M. & Stoner, K.E. 2010. River crossings by Ateles geoffroyi and Alouatta pigra in southern Mexico: a preliminary report. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 83: 435–442.Google Scholar
Cheney, D.L. & Seyfarth, R.M. 1982. How vervet monkeys perceive their grunts: field playback experiments. Animal Behaviour 30: 739–751.Google Scholar
Cheney, D.L. & Seyfarth, R.M. 1982. Recognition of individuals within and between groups of free-ranging vervet monkeys. American Zoologist 22: 519–529.Google Scholar
Cheney, D.L., Seyfarth, R.M., Fischer, J., et al. 2004. Factors affecting reproduction and mortality among baboons in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. International Journal of Primatology 25: 401–428.Google Scholar
Cheyne, S.M. 2007. Effects of meteorology, astronomical variables, location and human disturbance on the singing apes: Hylobates albibarbis. American Journal of Primatology 40: 1–7.Google Scholar
Cheyne, S.M. 2008. Feeding ecology, food choice and diet characteristics of gibbons in a disturbed peat-swamp forest, Indonesia. In 22nd Congress of the International Primatological Society (IPS), Lee, P.C., Honess, P., Buchanan-Smith, H., MacLarnon, A. & Sellers, W.I. (eds). Bristol & Edinburgh: TopCopy.Google Scholar
Cheyne, S.M. 2010. Behavioural ecology and socio-biology of gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis) in a degraded peat-swamp forest. In Indonesian Primates, Supriatna, J. & Gursky, S.L. (eds). New York: Springer, pp. 121–156.Google Scholar
Cheyne, S.M. & Tuttle, R.H. 2011. Gibbon locomotion research in the field - problems, possibilities and benefits for conservation. In Primate Locomotion: Linking Field and Laboratory Research, D’Août, K. & Vereecke, E.E. (eds). New York: Springer, pp. 201–214.Google Scholar
Cheyne, S.M., Gilhooly, L.J., Hamard, M.C., et al. 2016. Population mapping of gibbons in Kalimantan, Indonesia: Correlates of gibbon density and vegetation across the species range. Endangered Species Research 30: 133–143.Google Scholar
Cheyne, S.M., Harrison, M.E. & Morrogh-Bernard., H. 2005. Differences in orang-utan and gibbon diets in the Sebangau National Park, Indonesia: implications for conservation. In Proceedings of the International Symposium and Workshop on Restoration and Wise Use of Tropical Peatland, Reiley, J.O. (ed.). Palangka Raya, Indonesia: CIMTROP, pp. 100–103.Google Scholar
Cheyne, S.M., Höing, A., Rinear, J. & Sheeran, L.K. 2013a. Sleeping site selection by agile gibbons: the influence of tree stability, fruit availability, and predation risk. Folia Primatologica 89: 299–311.Google Scholar
Cheyne, S.M., Rowland, D., Hoing, A. & Husson, S.J. 2013b. How orangutans choose where to sleep: comparison of nest-site variables. Asian Primates Journal 3: 13–17.Google Scholar
Cheyne, S.M., Thompson, C.J.H., Phillips, A.C., Hill, R.M.C. & Limin, S.H. 2007. Density and population estimate of gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis) in the Sabangau Catchment, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Primates 49: 50–56.Google Scholar
Cheyne, S.M., Zrust, M., Hoeing, A., Houlihan, P.R., Rowland, D., Rahmania, M. & Breslin, K. 2012. Barito River Initiative for Nature Conservation and Communities (BRINCC) Preliminary Report. Palangka Raya, Indonesia: BRINCC Expedition.Google Scholar
Chiou, K.L., Pozzi, L., Alfaro, J.W.L. & Di Fiore, A. 2011. Pleistocene diversification of living squirrel monkeys (Saimiri spp.) inferred from complete mitochondrial genome sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59: 736–745.Google Scholar
Chivers, D. 1994. Functional anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract. In Colobine Monkeys: Their Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution, Davies, A. & Oates, J. (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 205–227.Google Scholar
Chivers, D.J. 2001. The swinging singing apes: fighting for food and family in Far-East forests. In The Apes: Challenges for the 21st Century. Chicago, IL: Brookfield Zoo, pp. 1–28.Google Scholar
Chivers, D.J. & MacKinnon, J. 1977. On the behaviour of siamang after playback of their calls. Primates 18: 943–948.Google Scholar
Chivers, D.J., Anandam, M., Groves, C., et al. 2013. Family Hylobatidae (Gibbons). In Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Volume 3-Primates, Mittermeier, R.A., Rylands, A.B. & Wilson, D. (eds). Arlington, VA: Conservation International, pp. 754–791.Google Scholar
Chizzotti, A. 2005. Pesquisa em Ciências Humanas e Sociais (7th edition). São Paulo: Cortez.Google Scholar
Chowdhury, Q.I., Haque, M. & Chowdhury, S.H. 2001. Overview of an amazing ecosystem. In State of Sundarbans, Chowdhury, Q.I. (ed.). Dhaka: Forum of Environmental Journalists, pp. 5–16.Google Scholar
Christen, A. & Geissmann, T. 1994. A primate survey in northern Bolivia, with special reference to Goeldi’s monkey, Callimico goeldii. International Journal of Primatology 15: 239–275.Google Scholar
CIA. 2013. CIA World Factbook. Washington, DC: CIA. www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ma.html.Google Scholar
Cintra, B.B.L., Schietti, J., Emillio, T., et al. 2013. Productivity of aboveground coarse wood biomass and stand age related to soil hydrology of Amazonian forests in the Purus-Madeira interfluvial area. Biogeosciences Discussions 10: 6417–6459.Google Scholar
Cintra, R. 2015. Spatial distribution and composition of waterbirds in relation to limnological conditions in the Amazon basin. Hydrobiologia 747: 235–252.Google Scholar
Cintra, R. & Naka, N. 2012. Spatial variation in bird community composition in relation to topographic gradient and forest heterogeneity in a central Amazonian rainforest. International Journal of Ecology 2012: 1–25.Google Scholar
Cipolletta, C. 2004. Effects of group dynamics and diet on the ranging patterns of a western lowland gorilla group (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) at Bai Hokou, Central African Republic. American Journal of Primatology 64: 193–205.Google Scholar
Citrinot, L. 2014. New passengers terminal opens at Balikpapan International Airport. Travel Daily News Network 21 March 2014.Google Scholar
Clark, D.A., Brown, S., Kicklighter, D.W., et al. 2001. Net primary production in tropical forests: an evaluation and synthesis of existing field data. Ecological Applications 11: 371–384.Google Scholar
Clark, D.B, Palmer, M.W. & Clark, D.A. 1999. Edaphic factors and the landscape-scale distributions of tropical rain forest trees. Ecology 80: 2662–2675.Google Scholar
Clarke, E., Reichard, U.H. & Zuberbühler, K. 2006. The syntax and meaning of wild gibbon songs. PLoS Biology doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000073.Google Scholar
Clarke, H.D., Funk, V.A. & Hollowell, T. 2001. Plant Diversity of the Iwokrama Forest, Guyana. Sida, Botanical Miscellany, No 21. Fort Worth, TX: Botanical Research Institute of Texas.Google Scholar
Cochrane, J. 2006. Indonesian National Parks. Understanding leisure users. Annals of Tourism Research 33: 979–997.Google Scholar
Cochrane, M.A. 2001. Synergistic interactions between habitat fragmentation and fire in evergreen tropical forests. Conservation Biology 15: 1515–1521.Google Scholar
Cochrane, M.A. & Schulze, M.D. 1998. Forest fires in the Brazilian Amazon. Conservation Biology 12: 948–950.Google Scholar
Codron, D., Codron, J., Lee-Thorp, J.A., et al. 2007. Stable isotope characterization of mammalian predator-prey relationships in a South African savanna. European Journal of Wildlife Research 53: 161–170.Google Scholar
Coelho, A.M., Bramblett, C.A., Quick, L.B. & Bramblett, S.S. 1976. Resource availability and population density in primates: a socio-bioenergetic analysis of the energy budgets of Guatemalan howler and spider monkeys. Primates 17: 63–80.Google Scholar
Coelho, I.P. 2006. Relações entre barreiros e a fauna de vertebrados no nordeste do Pantanal, Brasil. MSc dissertation, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre.Google Scholar
Coimbra-Filho, A.F., Rylands, A.B., Pissinatti, A. & Santos, I.B. 1991/1992. The distribution and conservation of the buff-headed capuchin monkey, Cebus xanthosternos, in the Atlantic forest region of eastern Brazil. Primate Conservation 12/13: 24–30.Google Scholar
Coimbra-Filho, A.F., Silva, R.R. & Pissinatti, A. 1991. Acerca da distribuição geográfica original de Cebus apella xanthosternos Wied, 1820 (Cebidae, Primates). In A Primatologia no Brasil, Vol. 3, Rylands, A.B. & Bernardes, A.T. (eds). Belo Horizonte: Fundação Biodiversitas & Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia, pp. 215–224.Google Scholar
Colares, I.G. & Colares, E.P. 2002. Food plants eaten by Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis, Mammalia: Sirenia). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 45: 67–72.Google Scholar
Colchester, M., La Rose, J. & James, K. 2002. Mining and Amerindians in Guyana. Final report of the APA/NSI project on ‘Exploring indigenous perspective on consultation and engagement within the mining sector in Latin America and the Carribbean.’ Ottawa, Canada: The North-South Institute.Google Scholar
Coley, P.D. 1987. Interspecific variation in plant anti-herbivore properties: the role of habitat quality and rate of disturbance. New Phytologist 106: 251–263.Google Scholar
Colwell, R.K. 2013. EstimateS: Statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. version 8.0. http://purl.oclc.org/estimatesGoogle Scholar
Colwell, R.K. & Coddington, J.A. 1994. Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 345: 101–118.Google Scholar
Conga, D.F., Bowler, M., Tantalean, M., et al. 2014. Intestinal helminths in wild Peruvian red uakari monkeys (Cacajao calvus ucayalii) in the northeastern Peruvian Amazon. Journal of Medical Primatology 43: 130–133.Google Scholar
Conga, D.F., Giese, E.G., Serra-Freire, N.M., Bowler, M. & Mayor, P. 2015. Morphology of the oxyurid nematodes Trypanoxyuris (T.) cacajao n. sp. and T.(T.) ucayalii n. sp. from the red uakari monkey Cacajao calvus ucayalii in the Peruvian Amazon. Journal of Helminthology 90: 483–493.Google Scholar
Conklin-Brittain, N.L., Wrangham, R.W. & Smith, C.C. 2002. A two-stage model of increased dietary quality in early hominid evolution: the role of fiber. In Human Diet: Its Origin and Evolution, Ungar, P.S. & Teaford, M.F. (eds). Westport, CT: Praeger, pp. 61–76.Google Scholar
Conradt, L. 2000. Use of a seaweed habitat by red deer (Cervus elaphus L.). Journal of Zoology, London, 250: 541–549.Google Scholar
Converse, L.J., Carlson, A.A., Ziegler, T.E. & Snowdon, C.T. 1995. Communication of ovulatory state to mates by female pygmy marmosets, Cebuella pygmaea. Animal Behaviour 49: 615–621.Google Scholar
Cook, N. 1939. Notes on captured Tarsius carbonarius. Journal of Mammalogy 20: 173–178.Google Scholar
Cooke, C. 2005. The cercopithecid community of Sette Cama, Gabon: a preliminary study. American Journal of Primatology 132 (supplement 44): 90.Google Scholar
Cooke, C.A. 2012. The feeding, ranging, and positional behaviors of Cercocebus torquatus, the red-capped mangabey, in Sette Cama, Gabon: a phylogenetic perspective. PhD thesis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.Google Scholar
Cooke, C.A. 2015. Crab predation by red‐capped mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus) in Sette Cama, Gabon. African Journal of Ecology 53: 378–380.Google Scholar
Copsey, J.A., Jones, J.P.G., Andrianandrasana, H., Rajaonarison, L.H. & Fa, J.E. 2009a. Burning to fish: local explanations for wetland burning in Lac Alaotra, Madagascar. Oryx 43: 403–406.Google Scholar
Copsey, J.A., Rajaonarison, L.H., Ranriamihamina, R. & Rakotoniaina, L.J. 2009b. Voices from the marsh: livelihood concerns of fishers and rice cultivators in the Alaotra wetland. Madagascar Conservation & Development 4: 25–30.Google Scholar
Corcoran, E., Ravilious, C. & Skuja, M. 2007. Mangroves of Western and Central Africa. Nairobi: UNEP-Regional Seas Programme/UNEP-WCMC.Google Scholar
Cordeiro, C.L.D.O. 2008. Estimativas de detecção de primatas e validação de modelos preditivos em duas unidades de conservação na Amazônia, Roraima, Brasil. MSc dissertation, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.Google Scholar
Cords, M. 1987a. Forest guenons and patas monkeys: male-male competition in one-male group. In Primates Societies, Smuts, B.B., Cheney, D.L., Seyfarth, R.M., Wrangham, R.W. & Struhsaker, T.T. (eds). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 98–111.Google Scholar
Cords, M. 1987b. Mixed species association of Cercopithecus monkeys in the Kakamega Forest, Keyna. University of California Publications in Zoology 1: 1–109.Google Scholar
Cords, M. 1990. Mixed‐species association of East African guenons: general patterns or specific examples? American Journal of Primatology 21: 101–114.Google Scholar
Cords, M. & Sarmiento, E. 2013.Cercopithecus ascanius red-tailed monkey. In Mammals of Africa. Volume II: Primates, Butynski, T.M., Kingdon, J. & Kalina, J. (eds). London: Bloomsbury, pp. 375–381.Google Scholar
Corlett, R.T. 2005. Interactions between birds, fruit bats and exotic plants in urban Hong Kong, South China. Urban Ecology 8: 275–283.Google Scholar
Corlett, R.T. 2009. The Ecology of Tropical East Asia. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Corrêa, H.K.M & Coutinho, P.E.G. 2008. Gênero Callithrix Erxleben 1777. In Primatas Brasileiros, dos Reis, N.R., Peracchi, A.L. & Andrade, F.R. (eds). Londrina, Brazil: Technical Books, pp. 47–58.Google Scholar
Correa, S.B., Winemiller, K.O., López-Fernández, H. & Galetti, M. 2007. Evolutionary perspectives on seed consumption and dispersal by fishes. Bioscience 57: 748–756.Google Scholar
Cortés-Ortiz, L., Rylands, A.B. & Mittermeier, R.A. 2015. The taxonomy of howler monkeys: integrating old and new knowledge from morphological and genetic studies. In Howler Monkeys: Adaptive Radiation, Systematics, and Morphology, Kowalewski, M.M., Garber, P.A., Cortés-Ortiz, L., Urbani, B. & Youlatos, D. (eds). New York: Springer Press, pp. 55–68.Google Scholar
Cosson, J.F., Ringuet, S., Claessens, O., et al. 1999. Ecological changes in recent land-bridge islands in French Guiana, with emphasis on vertebrate communities. Biological Conservation 91: 213–222.Google Scholar
Costa, L.P. 2003. The historical bridge between the Amazon and the Atlantic Forest of Brazil: a study of molecular phylogeography with small mammals. Journal of Biogeography 30: 71–86.Google Scholar
Cousins, J. 2007. The role of UK-based conservation tourism operators. Tourism Management 28: 1020–1030.Google Scholar
Covert, H.H., Le Khac, Quyet, N.A.D., Tai, V.A. & Wright, B.W. 2008. On the brink of extinction: research for the conservation of the Tonkin snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus). In Elwyn Simons: A Search for Origins, Fleagle, J.G. & Gilbert, C.C. (eds). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer, pp. 409–427.Google Scholar
Cowling, R.M., Macdonald, I.A.W. & Simmons, M.T. 1996. The Cape Peninsula, South Africa: physiographical, biological and historical background to an extraordinary hot-spot of biodiversity. Biodiversity & Conservation 5: 527–550.Google Scholar
Cowlishaw, G. 1999. Predicting the pattern of decline of African primate diversity: an extinction debt from historical deforestation. Conservation Biology 13: 1183–1193.Google Scholar
Cowlishaw, G. 2013. Papio ursinus chacma baboon. In Mammals of Africa. Volume II: Primates, Butynski, T.M., Kingdon, J. & Kalina, J. (eds). London: Bloomsbury, pp. 225–228.Google Scholar
Cowlishaw, G. & Dunbar, R. 2000. Primate Conservation Biology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Cowlishaw, G. & Hacker, J.E. 1997. Distribution, diversity and latitude in African primates. American Naturalist 150: 505–512.Google Scholar
Cam, W.J., Torr, P.G. & Rose, D.A. 2002. Salt allocation during leaf development and leaf fall in mangroves. Trees 16: 112–119.Google Scholar
Cristóbal-Azkarate, J. & Dunn, C. 2013. Lessons from Los Tuxtlas: 30 Years of research into primates in fragments. In Primates in Fragments: Complexity and Resilience, Marsh, L.K. & Chapman, C.A. (eds). New York: Springer, pp. 75–88.Google Scholar
Crockett, C. 1998. Conservation biology of the genus Alouatta. International Journal of Primatology 19: 549–577.Google Scholar
Crockett, C.M. & Eisenberg, J.F. 1987. Howlers: Variations in group size and demography. In Primate Societies, Smuts, B.B., Cheney, D.L., Seyfarth, R.M., Wrangham, R.W. & T.T. Struhsaker, (eds). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 54–68.Google Scholar
Crockett, C.M. & Wilson, W.L. 1980. The ecological separation of Macaca nemestrina and M. fascicularis in Sumatra. In The Macaques: Studies in Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, Lindburg, D.G. (ed.). New York: van Nostrand Reinhold, pp. 148–181.Google Scholar
Crowley, B.E. 2010. A refined chronology of prehistoric Madagascar and the demise of the megafauna. Quaternary Science Reviews 29: 2591–2603.Google Scholar
Csermely, D. 1996. Antipredator behavior in lemurs: Evidence of an extinct eagle on Madagascar or something else? International Journal of Primatology 17: 349–354.Google Scholar
Cuarón, A.D., Shedden, A., Rodríguez-Luna, E., et al. 2008. Alouatta palliata. In IUCN 2012. In IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. www.iucnredlist.org.Google Scholar
Cuming, H. 1838. On the habit of some species of mammal from the Philippine Islands Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 6: 67–68.Google Scholar
Cunningham, E. & Janson, C. 2007. Integrating information about location and value of resources by white-faced saki monkeys (Pithecia pithecia). Animal Cognition 10: 293–304.Google Scholar
Curtis, S.J. 1933. Working Plans for the Forests of the Sundarbans Division for the Period from 1st April 1931 to 31st March 1951, Vol. 1. Calcutta: Bengal Government Press.Google Scholar
Cutrim, F.H.R. 2013. Padrão comportamental e uso de ferramentas em macacos-prego (Sapajus libinosus) residentes em manguezal. PhD thesis, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.Google Scholar
Dacier, A., de Luna, A.G., Fernandez‐Duque, E. & Di Fiore, A. 2011. Estimating population density of Amazonian titi monkeys (Callicebus discolor) via playback point counts. Biotropica 43: 135–140.Google Scholar
da Cunha, R.G.T. 2008. Gênero Aotus Illiger 1811. In Primatas Brasileiros, dos Reis, N.R., Peracchi, A.L. & Andrade, F.R. (eds). Londrina, Brazil: Technical Books, pp. 115–125.Google Scholar
da Cunha, R.G.T. & Byrne, R.W. 2006. Roars of black howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya): evidence for a function in inter-group spacing. Behaviour 143: 1169–1199.Google Scholar
da Cunha, R.G.T. & Byrne, R.W. 2013. Age-related differences in the use of the ‘moo’ call in black howlers (Alouatta caraya). International Journal of Primatology 34: 1105–1121.Google Scholar
Daegling, D.J. & Grine, F.E. 1991. Compact bone distribution and biomechanics of early hominid mandibles. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 86: 321–339.Google Scholar
Daegling, D.J., McGraw, W.S., Ungar, P.S., et al. 2011. Hard object feeding in sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) and the interpretation of early hominin feeding ecology. PLoS ONE 6: e23095.Google Scholar
da Fonseca Júnior, S.F., Piedade, M.T.F. & Schöngart, J. 2009. Wood growth of Tabebuia barbata (E. Mey.) Sandwith (Bignoniaceae) and Vatairea guianensis Aubl. (Fabaceae) in Central Amazonian black-water (igapó) and white-water (várzea) floodplain forests. Trees 23: 127–134.Google Scholar
Daily, G.C., Polasky, S., Goldstein, J., et al. 2009. Ecosystem services in decision making: time to deliver. Frontiers in Ecology & Environment 7: 21–28Google Scholar
Dalponte, J.C., Ennes Silva, F. & de Sousa e Silva, Jr., J. 2014. New species of titi monkey, genus Callicebus Thomas, 1903 (Primates, Pitheciidae), from southern Amazonia, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 54: 457–472.Google Scholar
Dalton, D.L., Linden, B., Wimberger, K., et al. 2015. New insights into samango monkey speciation in South Africa. PLOS ONE 10: e0117003Google Scholar
Dampier, W. 1697. A New Voyage Round the World (1927 edition). New York: Dover Publications.Google Scholar
Danau Girang Field Centre & Sabah Wildlife Department. 2010. A new orangutan bridge in Kinabatangan. New Sabah Times 18 October, 2010: 9.Google Scholar
Daniels, A.E. & Cumming, G.S. 2008. Conversion or conservation? Understanding wetland change in northwest Costa Rica. Ecological Applications 18: 49–63.Google Scholar
Darnet, S.H., Silva, L.H.M.D., Rodrigues, A.M.D.C. & Lins, R.T. 2011. Nutritional composition, fatty acid and tocopherol contents of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) and patawa (Oenocarpus bataua) fruit pulp from the Amazon region. Food Science and Technology 31: 488–491.Google Scholar
Das, S.K., Sarkar, P.K., Saha., R., et al. 2012. Status of Tigers in 24-Parganas (South) Forest Division, Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, West Bengal, India. New Delhi: World Wide Fund for Nature-India.Google Scholar
da Silva, C.R., Martins, A.C.M., de Castro, I.J., et al. 2013. Mammals of Amapá State, Eastern Brazilian Amazonia: a revised taxonomic list with comments on species distributions. Mammalia 77: 409–424.Google Scholar
Dasilva, G.L. 1992. The western black-and-white colobus as a low-energy strategist: activity budgets, energy expenditure and energy intake. Journal of Animal Ecology 61: 79–91.Google Scholar
da Silveira, R., Campos, Z., Thorbjarnarson, J. & Magnusson, W.E. 2013. Growth rates of black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) and spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) from two different Amazonian flooded habitats. Amphibia-Reptilia 34: 437–449.Google Scholar
da Silveira, R., Campos, Z., Thorbjarnarson, J. & Magnusson, W.E. 2013. Growth rates of black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) and spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) from two different Amazonian flooded habitats. Amphibia-Reptilia 34: 437–449.Google Scholar
da Silva, R.M., Mehlig, U., dos Santos, J.U.M. & de Menezes, M.P.M. 2010. The coastal restinga vegetation of Pará, Brazilian Amazon: a synthesis. Brazilian Journal of Botany 33: 563–573Google Scholar
Daily, G.C., Polasky, S., Goldstein, J., et al. 2009. Ecosystem services in decision making: time to deliver. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7: 21–28.Google Scholar
Darkoh,