Ackerman, Peter, and DuVall, Jack. A Force More Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Ackerman, Peter, and Kruegler, Christopher. Strategic Nonviolent Conflict: The Dynamics of People Power in the Twentieth Century. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1994.Google Scholar

Alonzo, Harriet Hyman.Peace as a Women's Issue: A History of the U.S. Movement for World Peace and Women's Rights. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1993.Google Scholar

,American Friends Service Committee. Speak Truth to Power: A Quaker Search for an Alternative to Violence. Philadelphia: American Friends Service Committee, 1955.Google Scholar

Angell, Norman.The Great Illusion: A Study of the Relation of Military Power to National Advantage. 4th edn. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1913.Google Scholar

Ansbro, John J.Martin Luther King, Jr.: The Making of a Mind. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1994.Google Scholar

Appleby, R. Scott.The Ambivalence of the Sacred: Religion, Violence, and Reconciliation. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000.Google Scholar

Arendt, Hannah.On Violence. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1970.Google Scholar

Aslan, Reza.No God but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam. New York: Random House, 2005.Google Scholar

Aung, San Suu Kyi.The Voice of Hope: Conversations with Alan Clements. New York: Seven Stories, 1997.Google Scholar

Axelrod, Robert.The Evolution of Cooperation. New York: Basic Books, 1984.Google Scholar

Axworthy, Lloyd.Navigating a New World: Canada's Global Future. Toronto: Vintage Canada, 2004.Google Scholar

Bainton, Roland H.Christian Attitudes Toward War and Peace: A Historical Survey and Critical Re-evaluation. New York: Abingdon Press, 1960.Google Scholar

Banerjee, Mukulika.The Pathan Unarmed: Opposition & Memory in the North West Frontier. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Barash, David P.Introduction to Peace Studies. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing, 1991.Google Scholar

Baskir, Lawrence M., and Strauss, William A.. Chance and Circumstance: The Draft, the War and the Vietnam Generation. New York: Alfred Knopf, 1978.Google Scholar

Beales, A. C. F.The History of Peace: A Short Account of the Organised Movements for International Peace. London: G. Bell & Sons Ltd., 1931.Google Scholar

Birn, Donald S.The League of Nations Union 1918–1945. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981.Google Scholar

Boff, Leonardo, and Boff, Clovodis. Introducing Liberation Theology. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1988.Google Scholar

Bondurant, Joan V.Conquest of Violence: The Gandhian Philosophy of Conflict. Rev. edn. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Branch, Taylor.Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954–63. New York: Touchstone, 1988.Google Scholar

Brown, Seyom.The Causes and Prevention of War. 2nd edn. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brock, Peter.A Brief History of Pacifism from Jesus to Tolstoy. 2nd edn. Toronto: Distributed by Syracuse University Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Brock, Peter.Freedom From War: Nonsectarian Pacifism 1814–1914. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991.Google Scholar

Brock, Peter, and Young, Nigel. Pacifism in the Twentieth Century. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Brown, Judith M.Gandhi: Prisoner of Hope. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.Google Scholar

Burrowes, Robert J.The Strategy of Nonviolent Defense: A Gandhian Approach. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Camus, Albert.Neither Victims Nor Executioners. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers, 1986.Google Scholar

Ceadel, Martin.The Origins of War Prevention: The British Peace Movement and International Relations 1730–1854. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ceadel, Martin.Pacifism in Britain 1914–1945: The Defining of a Faith. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980.Google Scholar

Ceadel, Martin.Thinking About Peace and War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.Google Scholar

Chatfield, Charles.The American Peace Movement: Ideals and Activism. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1992.Google Scholar

Chickering, Roger.Imperial Germany and a World without War: The Peace Movement and German Society, 1892–1914. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1975.Google Scholar

Clark, Howard.Civil Resistance in Kosovo. Sterling, VA: Pluto Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Collier, Paul, et al. Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2003.Google Scholar

Collins, Canon L. John. Faith Under Fire. London: Leslie Frewin, 1966.Google Scholar

Cook, Alice, and Kirk, Gwyn. Greenham Women Everywhere: Dreams, Ideas and Actions from the Women's Peace Movement. Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 1983.Google Scholar

Cookson, J. E.The Friends of Peace: Anti-War Liberalism in England, 1793–1815. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cooper, Sandi E.Patriotic Pacifism: Waging War in Europe, 1815–1914. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.Google Scholar

Cortright, David, and Watts, Max. Left Face: Soldier Unions and Resistance Movements in Modern Armies. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1991.Google Scholar

Cousins, Norman.Modern Man is Obsolete. New York: Viking Press, 1946.Google Scholar

Cousins, Norman.The Pathology of Power. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1987.Google Scholar

Curti, Merle Eugene.The American Peace Crusade 1815–1860. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1929.Google Scholar

Darby, John.The Effects of Violence on Peace Processes. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2001.Google Scholar

DeBenedetti, Charles.Origins of the Modern American Peace Movement, 1915–1929. Millwood, NY: KTO Press, 1978.Google Scholar

DeBenedetti, Charles.The Peace Reform in American History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1980.Google Scholar

DeBenedetti, Charles, and Chatfield, Charles (assisting author). An American Ordeal: The Antiwar Movement of the Vietnam Era. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Divine, Robert.The Illusion of Neutrality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.Google Scholar

Domke, William K.War and the Changing Global System. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Doyle, Michael.Ways of War and Peace: Realism, Liberalism, and Socialism. New York: Norton, 1997.Google Scholar

Easwaran, Eknath.A Man to Match His Mountains: Badshahkhan, Nonviolent Soldier of Islam. Petaluma, CA: Nilgiri Press, 1984.Google Scholar

Einstein, Albert.Einstein on Peace. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1960.Google Scholar

Elshtain, Jean Bethke.Women and War. 2nd edn. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Esquivel, Adolfo Pérez.Christ in a Poncho: Testimonials of the Nonviolent Struggles in Latin America. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1983.Google Scholar

Evans, Richard J.Comrades and Sisters: Feminism, Socialism and Pacifism in Europe, 1870–1945. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987.Google Scholar

Ferguson, John.War and Peace in the World's Religions. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.Google Scholar

Fischer, Louis.The Life of Mahatma Gandhi. New York: Harper & Row, 1950.Google Scholar

Fisher, Roger, and Ury, William. Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1991.Google Scholar

Fleischman, Paul R.The Buddha Taught Nonviolence, Not Pacifism. Seattle: Pariyatti Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Foley, Michael S.Confronting the War Machine: Draft Resistance During the Vietnam War. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Forest, Jim.Love Is the Measure: A Biography of Dorothy Day. New York: Paulist, 1986.Google Scholar

Friesen, Abraham.Erasmus, the Anabaptists and the Great Commission. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 1998.Google Scholar

Gandhi, Mohandas.All Men Are Brothers, ed. Kripalani, Krishna. New York: Continuum, 1980.Google Scholar

Gilligan, James.Preventing Violence. New York: Thames & Hudson, 2001.Google Scholar

Goodrich, Leland M.The United Nations. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1959.Google Scholar

Gopin, Marc.Between Eden and Armageddon: The Future of World Religions, Violence, and Peacemaking. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Gorbachev, Mikhail.Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World. New York: Harper and Row, 1987.Google Scholar

Gray, J. Glenn. The Warriors: Reflections on Men in Battle. New York: Harper & Row, 1959.Google Scholar

Grey, Viscount of Fallodon, K. G.Twenty-Five Years 1892–1916. Vol. I. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 1925.Google Scholar

Gurr, Ted Robert.Why Men Rebel. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970.Google Scholar

Hallie, Philip P.Lest Innocent Blood be Shed: The Story of the Village of Le Chambon and How Goodness Happened There. New York: Harper and Row, 1979.Google Scholar

Hardiman, David.Gandhi in His Time and Ours. New Delhi: Pauls Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Harries, Richard.Reinhold Niebuhr And The Issues Of Our Time. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 1986.Google Scholar

Havel, Václav.Living in Truth, ed. Vladislav, Jan. London: Faber and Faber, 1986.Google Scholar

Hedges, Chris.War is a Force That Gives Us Meaning. New York: PublicAffairs, 2002.Google Scholar

Hershberger, Guy F.War, Peace, and Nonresistance. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1946.Google Scholar

Howard, Michael.The Invention of Peace and the Reinvention of War. London: Profile Books, 2002.Google Scholar

Howard, Michael.War and the Liberal Conscience. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1978.Google Scholar

Hugo, Victor.Actes et paroles: pendant l'exil 1852–1870. Paris: Nelson, Éditeurs, 1912.Google Scholar

Hunt, Andrew E.The Turning: A History of Vietnam Veterans Against the War. New York: New York University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Huxley, Aldous, ed. An Encyclopædia of Pacifism. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1937.Google Scholar

Ingram, Norman.The Politics of Dissent: Pacifism in France 1919–1939. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Iyer, Raghavan, ed. The Essential Writings of Mahatma Gandhi. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Jungk, Robert.Brighter than a Thousand Suns: A Personal History of the Atomic Scientists. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1958.Google Scholar

Kaldor, Mary.New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Kant, Immanuel.Perpetual Peace. New York: Liberal Arts Press, 1957.Google Scholar

Katz, Milton S.Ban the Bomb: A History of SANE, the Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy, 1957–1985. New York: Greenwood Press, 1986.Google Scholar

Keegan, John.A History of Warfare. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993.Google Scholar

Kennan, George.At a Century's Ending: Reflections, 1982–1995. New York: W. W. Norton, 1996.Google Scholar

Keynes, John Maynard.The Economic Consequences of the Peace. London: Macmillan, 1920.Google Scholar

King, Martin Luther, Jr. Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1958.Google Scholar

King, Martin Luther, Jr. Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?New York: Harper & Row, 1967.Google Scholar

King, Sallie B.Being Benevolence: The Social Ethics of Engaged Buddhism. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Kisala, Robert.Prophets of Peace: Pacifism and Cultural Identity in Japan's New Religions. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Knock, Thomas J.To End All Wars: Woodrow Wilson and the Quest for a New World Order. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Kriesberg, Louis.Constructive Conflicts: From Escalation to Resolution. 2nd edn. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003.Google Scholar

Lederach, John Paul.Building Peace: Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided Societies. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Lederach, John Paul.The Moral Imagination: The Art and Soul of Building Peace. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lederach, John Paul.Preparing for Peace: Conflict Transformation Across Cultures. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Ligt, Bart.The Conquest of Violence: An Essay on War and Revolution. New York: E. P. Dutton & Company, 1938.Google Scholar

London, Joan, and Anderson, Henry. So Shall Ye Reap. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1970.Google Scholar

Lorenz, Konrad.On Aggression. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1966.Google Scholar

Lynch, Cecelia.Beyond Appeasement: Interpreting Interwar Peace Movements in World Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Macgregor, G. H. C.The New Testament Basis of Pacifism and the Relevance of the Impossible Ideal. Nyack, NY: Fellowship Publications, 1954.Google Scholar

Mahony, Liam, and Enrique Eguren, Luis. Unarmed Bodyguards: International Accompaniment for the Protection of Human Rights. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Mansfield, Edward D., and Pollins, Brian M., ed. Economic Interdependence and International Conflict: New Perspectives on an Enduring Debate. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McNeal, Patricia.Harder than War: Catholic Peacemaking in Twentieth-Century America. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Melman, Seymour.The Permanent War Economy: American Capitalism in Decline. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985.Google Scholar

Mill, John Stuart.Principles of Political Economy, With Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy. Vol. II. Boston: C. C. Little & James Brown, 1848.Google Scholar

Morley, John.The Life of Richard Cobden. Vol. II. London, Macmillan and Co., 1908.Google Scholar

Moskos, Charles C., and Chambers, John Whiteclay II, ed. The New Conscientious Objection, From Sacred to Secular Resistance. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Musto, Ronald G.The Catholic Peace Tradition. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1986.Google Scholar

Nagler, Michael N.Is There No Better Way? The Search for a Nonviolent Future. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Hills Books, 2001.Google Scholar

Nasr, Seyyed Hossein.The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 2002.Google Scholar

Nathan, Otto, and Norden, Heinz, ed. Einstein on Peace. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1960.Google Scholar

Niebuhr, Reinhold.Christianity and Power Politics. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1952.Google Scholar

Niebuhr, Reinhold.Moral Man And Immoral Society: A Study In Ethics And Politics. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1932, 1960.Google Scholar

Nkrumah, Kwame.I Speak of Freedom: A Statement of African Ideology. New York: Praeger, 1962.Google Scholar

The Nobel Peace Prize Lecture: Desmond M. Tutu. New York: Anson Phelps Stokes Institute for African, Afro-American, and American Indian Affairs, 1986.

Noel-Baker, Philip.The Private Manufacture of Armaments. New York: Oxford University Press, 1937.Google Scholar

Nye, Joseph S.Understanding International Conflicts: An Introduction to Theory and History. 4th edn. New York: Longman, 2003.Google Scholar

Nyerere, Julius K.Freedom and Unity: Uhuru na umoja: A Selection from Writings and Speeches, 1952–65. London: Oxford University Press, 1967.Google Scholar

Osgood, Charles E.An Alternative to War or Surrender. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1962.Google Scholar

Page, Kirby.Must We Go to War?New York: Farrar & Rinehart, Inc., 1937.Google Scholar

Penn, William.An Essay Towards the Present and Future Peace of Europe: By the Establishment of an European Diet, Parliament, or Estates. London: Peace Committee of the Society of Friends, 1936.Google Scholar

Rapaport, Anatol.Peace: An Idea Whose Time Has Come. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Rawls, John.A Theory of Justice. Rev. edn. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Rochon, Thomas R.Mobilizing for Peace: The Antinuclear Movements in Western Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rosecrance, Richard.The Rise of the Trading State: Commerce and Conquest in the Modern World. New York: Basic Books, 1986.Google Scholar

Russell, Bertrand.Which Way to Peace?Plymouth, UK: Michael Joseph Ltd., 1937.Google Scholar

Russett, Bruce.Grasping the Democratic Peace: Principles for a Post-Cold War World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Russett, Bruce, and Oneal, John R.. Triangulating Peace: Democracy, Interdependence, and International Organizations. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2001.Google Scholar

Schell, Jonathan.The Gift of Time: The Case for Abolishing Nuclear Weapons Now. New York: Metropolitan Books, 1998.Google Scholar

Schell, Jonathan.The Unconquerable World: Power, Nonviolence, and the Will of the People. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2003.Google Scholar

Schildgen, Robert.Toyohiko Kagawa: Apostle of Love and Social Justice. Berkeley, CA: Centenary Books, 1988.Google Scholar

Schlesinger, Arthur M.War and the American Presidency. New York: W. W. Norton, 2004.Google Scholar

Schock, Kurt.Unarmed Insurrections: People Power Movements in Nondemocracies. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Schwartz, Regina M.The Curse of Cain: The Violent Legacy of Monotheism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Sen, Amartya.Development as Freedom. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999.Google Scholar

Sen, K. M.Hinduism. Baltimore, MD: Penguin, 1961.Google Scholar

Sharp, Gene.The Politics of Nonviolent Action. Boston: Porter Sargent, 1973.Google Scholar

Sharp, Gene.Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice and 21st Century Potential. Boston: Porter Sargent, 2005.Google Scholar

Shutte, Augustine.Ubuntu: An Ethic for a New South Africa. Pietermaritzburg: Cluster Publications, 2001.Google Scholar

Singer, Peter.A Darwinian Left: Politics, Evolution and Cooperation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Singer, Peter.One World: The Ethics of Globalization. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Small, Melvin.Johnson, Nixon, and the Doves. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Smith, Kenneth L., and Ira, G. ZeppSearch for the Beloved Community: The Thinking of Martin Luther King Jr. Valley Forge, PA: Judson, 1998.Google Scholar

Smith, Rupert.The Utility of Force: The Art of War in the Modern World. London: Penguin Books, 2006.Google Scholar

Solo, Pam.From Protest to Policy: Beyond the Freeze to Common Security. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1988.Google Scholar

Stacewicz, Richard.Winter Soldiers: An Oral History of the Vietnam Veterans Against the War. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1997.Google Scholar

Stanton, Shelby L.The Rise and Fall of an American Army: U.S. Ground Forces in Vietnam, 1965–1973. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1985.Google Scholar

Stoltzfus, Nathan.Resistance of the Heart: Intermarriage and the Rosenstrasse Protest in Nazi Germany. New York: W. W. Norton, 1996.Google Scholar

Swanwick, Helena.The Roots of Peace; A Sequel to Collective Insecurity, Being an Essay on Some of the Uses, Conditions and Limitations of Compulsive Force in the Prevention of War. London: J. Cape, 1938.Google Scholar

Swartz, Marvin.The Union of Democratic Control in British Politics During the First World War. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.Google Scholar

Thapar, Romila.Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas. 2nd edn. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1973.Google Scholar

Thomas, Norman.Is Conscience a Crime?New York: Vanguard, 1927.Google Scholar

Tolis, Peter.Elihu Burritt: Crusader for Brotherhood. Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1968.Google Scholar

Tolstoy, Leo. Tolstoy's Writings on Civil Disobedience and Non-Violence. New York: Bergman Publishers, 1967.Google Scholar

Väyrynen, Raimo, ed. The Waning of Major War: Theories and Debates. London: Routledge, 2006.

Wallis, Jim.God's Politics: Why the Right Gets It Wrong and the Left Doesn't Get It. San Francisco: HarperCollins, 2005.Google Scholar

Wallis, Jim.The Soul of Politics: A Practical and Prophetic Vision for Change. New York: Orbis Books, 1994.Google Scholar

Walzer, Michael.Arguing about War. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Walzer, Michael.Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations. New York: Basic Books, 1992.Google Scholar

Weisgall, Jonathan M.Operation Crossroads: The Atomic Tests at Bikini Atoll. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1994.Google Scholar

Wells, H. G.The Outline of History; Being a Plain History of Life and Mankind. New York: Macmillan, 1921.Google Scholar

Wells, H.G.The Shape of Things to Come. New York: MacMillan Co., 1936.Google Scholar

Wells, Tom.The War Within: America's Battle over Vietnam. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.Google Scholar

Wink, Walter.Engaging The Powers: Discernment And Resistance in a World of Domination. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Wittner, Lawrence S.One World or None: A History of the World Nuclear Disarmament Movement Through 1953. Vol. I of The Struggle Against the Bomb. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Wittner, Lawrence S.Resisting the Bomb: A History of the World Nuclear Disarmament Movement, 1954–1970. Vol. II of The Struggle Against the Bomb. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Wittner, Lawrence S.Toward Nuclear Abolition: A History of the World Nuclear Disarmament Movement, 1971 to the Present. Vol. III of The Struggle Against the Bomb. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Wolpert, Stanley.Gandhi's Passion: The Life and Legacy of Mahatma Gandhi. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Woolf, Virginia. Three Guineas. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1938.Google Scholar

Worcester, Noah, Pacificus, a.k.a. Philo. A Solemn Review of the Custom of War; Showing That War is the Effect of Popular Delusion and Proposing a Remedy. 5th edn. Cambridge, MA: Hilliard and Metcalf, 1816.Google Scholar

Wright, Robert.Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny. New York: Pantheon Books, 2000.Google Scholar

Yamamoto, Mari.Grassroots Pacifism in Post-war Japan: The Rebirth of a Nation. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Yarrow, C. H. Mike.Quaker Experiences in International Conciliation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1978.Google Scholar

Yoder, John Howard.The Politics of Jesus. 2nd edn. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1994.Google Scholar

Zinn, Howard.A People's History of the United States 1492–Present. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2005.Google Scholar

Zinn, Howard.A Power Governments Cannot Suppress. San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2007.Google Scholar

Atherton, John.“Introduction: Christian Social Ethics in Context.” In Christian Social Ethics: A Reader. Cleveland, OH: The Pilgrim Press, 1994.Google Scholar

Ballentine, Karen. “Beyond Greed and Grievance: Reconsidering the Economic Dynamics of Armed Conflict.” In The Political Economy of Armed Conflict: Beyond Greed and Grievance, ed. Ballentine, Karen and Sherman, Jake, 259–83. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003.Google Scholar

Ballentine, Karen, and Sherman, Jake. “Introduction.” In The Political Economy of Armed Conflict: Beyond Greed and Grievance, ed. Ballentine, Karen and Sherman, Jake. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003.Google Scholar

Bamba, Nobuya. “Kitamura Tōkoku: His Pursuit of Freedom and World Peace.” In Pacifism in Japan: The Christian and Socialist Tradition, ed. Bamba, Nobuya and Howes, John F.. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1978.Google Scholar

Barbé, Domingos. “The Spiritual Basis of Nonviolence.” In Relentless Persistence: Nonviolent Action in Latin America, ed. McManus, Philip and Schlabach, Gerald. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers, 1991.Google Scholar

Björkqvist, Kaj. “The Inevitability of Conflict But Not of Violence: Theoretical Considerations on Conflict and Aggression.” In Cultural Variation in Conflict Resolution: Alternatives to Violence, ed. Fry, Douglas P. and Björkqvist, Kaj. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers, 1997.Google Scholar

Boff, Leonardo. “Active Nonviolence: The Political and Moral Power of the Poor.” In Relentless Persistence: Nonviolent Action in Latin America, ed. McManus, Philip and Schlabach, Gerald. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers, 1991.Google Scholar

Brittain, Vera. “Pacifism After Munich.” In Testament of a Generation: The Journalism of Vera Brittain and Winifred Holtby, ed. Brittain, Veraet al., 228–31. London: Virago, 1985.Google Scholar

Brittain, Vera. “Women and Pacifism.” [Peace News, 15 August 1941]. In Vera Brittain: Women and Peace, ed. Yvonne, [Aleksandra] Bennett. London: Peace Pledge Union, 1987.Google Scholar

Bull, Hedley. “Disarmament and the International System.” In Theories of Peace and Security: A Reader In Contemporary Strategic Thought, ed. Garnett, John. London: Macmillan, 1970.Google Scholar

Burkholder, J. Lawrence. “The Limits of Perfection: Autobiographical Reflections.” In The Limits of Perfection: A Conversation with J. Lawrence Burkholder, ed. Sawatsky, Rodney J. and Holland, Scott. Waterloo, Ontario: Institute of Anabaptist and Mennonite Studies, Conrad Grebel College, 1993.Google Scholar

Carroll, Berenice A. “Feminism and Pacifism: Historical and Theoretical Connections.” In Women and Peace: Theoretical, Historical and Practical Perspectives, ed. Roach Pierson, Ruth. London: Croom Helm, 1987.Google Scholar

Ceadel, Martin. “A Legitimate Peace Movement: The Case of Interwar Britain, 1918–1945.” In Challenge to Mars: Essays on Pacifism from 1918 to 1945, ed. Brock, Peter and Socknat, Thomas P., 134–48. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Cobden, Richard. “From The Political Writings of Richard Cobden.” In International Relations in Political Thought: Texts from the Ancient Greeks to the First World War, ed. Brown, Chris, Nardin, Terry, and Nicholas, Rengger, 538–49. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Dellinger, Dave. “Gandhi's Heirs.” In Revolutionary Nonviolence: Essays by Dave Dellinger. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1970.Google Scholar

Deming, Barbara.“On Revolution and Equilibrium.” In Revolution & Equilibrium. New York: Grossman, 1971.Google Scholar

“To Discover Our Humanity: Adolfo Pérez Esquivel.” In Relentless Persistence: Nonviolent Action in Latin America, ed. McManus, Philip and Gerald, Schlabach. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers, 1991.

Dumas, Lloyd J. “Economics and Alternative Security: Toward a Peacekeeping International Economy.” In Alternative Security: Living Without Nuclear Deterrence, ed. Weston, Burns H., 137–75. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Eglin, Josephine. “Women Pacifists in Interwar Britain.” In Challenge to Mars: Essays on Pacifism from 1918 to 1945, ed. Brock, Peter and Socknat, Thomas P., 149–68. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Ellsberg, Daniel. “Introduction: Call to Mutiny.” In Protest and Survive, ed. Thompson, E. P and Smith, Dan. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1981.Google Scholar

Emerson, Ralph Waldo. “War” [1838]. In The Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Vol. V. New York: Bigelow, Brown and Co., n.d.Google Scholar

Farrugia, Peter. “The Conviction of Things Not Seen: Christian Pacifism in France, 1919–1945.” In Challenge to Mars: Essays on Pacifism from 1918 to 1945, ed. Brock, Peter and Socknat, Thomas P., 101–16. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Franck, James, et al. “A Report to the Secretary of War (June 1945).” In The Atomic Age: Scientists in National and World Affairs, ed. Grodzins, Morton and Eugene, Rabinowitch, 19–27. New York: Basic Books, 1963.Google Scholar

Fry, Douglas P. “Conclusion: Learning from Peaceful Societies.” In Keeping the Peace: Conflict Resolution and Peaceful Societies Around the World, ed. Kemp, Graham and Fry, Douglas P.. New York: Routledge, 2004.Google Scholar

Gandhi, M. K. “Logical Consequence” [10 August 1938]. In The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi 74, no. 15. New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, 1999. CD-Rom, dynamic collection.Google Scholar

Gandhi, Mahatma. “Satyagraha, Civil Disobedience, Passive Resistance, Non-Co-operation” [Young India, 23 March 1921]. In The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi 22, no. 240 (23 November 1920–5 April 1921). New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, 1999. CD-Rom, dynamic collection.Google Scholar

Gandhi, Mahatma. “Working of Non-Violence” [Harijan, 6 February 1939]. In The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi 75, no. 47. New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, 1999. CD-Rom, dynamic collection.Google Scholar

Gittelsohn, Roland B.“Pacifist.” In The Challenge of Shalom: The Jewish Tradition of Peace and Justice, ed. Murray, Polner and Naomi, Goodman. Philadelphia, PA: New Society Publishers, 1994.Google Scholar

Grünewald, Guido. “War Resisters in Weimar Germany.” In Challenge to Mars: Essays on Pacifism from 1918 to 1945, ed. Brock, Peter and Socknat, Thomas P., 67–88. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Handler, Joshua. “The 1991–1992 PNIs and the Elimination, Storage, and Security of Tactical Nuclear Weapons.” In Tactical Nuclear Weapons: Emergent Threats in an Evolving Security Environment, ed. Alexander, Brian and Alistair, Millar, 20–41. Washington, DC: Brassey's, 2003.Google Scholar

Havel, Václav. “Anatomy of a Reticence.” In Open Letters: Selected Writings, 1965–90, ed. Wilson, Paul, 291–322. New York: Vintage Books, 1992.Google Scholar

Havel, Václav. “The Power of the Powerless.” In Without Force or Lies: Voices from the Revolution of Central Europe in 1989–90, ed. Brinton, William M.Rinzler, and Alan. San Francisco: Mercury House, 1990.Google Scholar

Heschel, Susannah. “Theological Affinities in the Writings of Abraham Joshua Heschel and Martin Luther King, Jr.” In Black Zion: African American Religious Encounters with Judaism, ed. Chireau, Yvonne and Deutsch, Nathaniel. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Howard, Michael. “Problems of a Disarmed World.” In Studies in War and Peace. New York: Viking Press, 1971.Google Scholar

Howes, John F. “Uchimura Kanzō: The Bible and War.” In Pacifism in Japan: The Christian and his Socialist Tradition, ed. Bamba, NobuyaHowes, and John F.. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1978.Google Scholar

Ingram, Norman. “Defending the Rights of Man: The Ligue des droits de l'homme and the Problem of Peace.” In Challenge to Mars: Essays on Pacifism from 1918 to 1945, ed. Brock, Peter and Socknat, Thomas P., 117–33. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999.Google Scholar

James, William. “The Moral Equivalent of War.” In William James: The Essential Writings, ed. Wilshire, Bruce W.. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1971.Google Scholar

Johansen, Robert C. “Enforcement without Military Combat: Toward an International Civilian Police.” In Globalization and Global Governance, ed. Väyrynen, Raimo, 173–98. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999.Google Scholar

Kaldor, Mary. “Beyond Militarism, Arms Races and Arms Control.” Essay prepared for the Nobel Peace Prize Centennial Symposium, 6–8 December 2001. Social Science Research Council, www.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/kaldor.htm (accessed 22 November 2006).

Kaldor, Mary.“The Globalized War Economy.” In New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Kant, Immanuel. “From Essay on Theory and Practice.” In International Relations in Political Thought: Texts from the Ancient Greeks to the First World War, ed. Brown, Chris, Nardin, Terry and Nicholas, Rengger, 428–32. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Kant, Immanuel. “From The Metaphysical Elements of Right.” In International Relations in Political Thought: Texts from the Ancient Greeks to the First World War, ed. Brown, Chris, Terry, Nardin and Nicholas, Rengger, 450–5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Kimelman, Reuven. “Judaism, War, and Weapons of Mass Destruction.” In Ethics and Weapons of Mass Destruction: Religious and Secular Perspectives, ed. Hashmi, Sohail H. and Lee, Steven P.. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.Google Scholar

King, Martin Luther“Letter from Birmingham City Jail.” In A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr., ed. Washington, James M.. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1991.Google Scholar

Luxemburg, Rosa.“Peace Utopias.” In Rosa Luxemburg Speaks. New York: Pathfinder Press, 1970.Google Scholar

McManus, Philip. “Introduction: In Search of the Shalom Society.” In Relentless Persistence: Nonviolent Action in Latin America, ed. McManus, Philip and Schlabach, Gerald. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers, 1991.Google Scholar

Miller, Joseph S. “A History of the Mennonite Conciliation Service, International Conciliation Service, and Christian Peacemaker Teams.” In From the Ground Up: Mennonite Contributions to International Peacebuilding, ed. Sampson, Cynthia and Lederach, John Paul. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Morgenthau, Hans J. “Does Disarmament Mean Peace?” In Arms and Foreign Policy in the Nuclear Age, ed. Rakove, Milton L., 417–23. New York: Oxford University Press, 1972.Google Scholar

Morison, Samuel Eliot. “Dissent in the War of 1812.” In Dissent in Three American Wars, ed. Eliot Morison, Samuel, Merk, Frederick and Frank, Freidel.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Niebuhr, Reinhold.“Why the Christian Church is not Pacifist.” In Christianity And Power Politics. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940.Google Scholar

Noordegraaf, Herman. “The Anarchopacifism of Bart de Ligt.” In Challenge to Mars: Essays on Pacifism from 1918 to 1945, ed. Brock, Peter and Socknat, Thomas P., 89–100. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Orwell, George. “Notes on Nationalism” [May 1945]. In The Complete Works of George Orwell. George-Orwell, www.george-orwell.org/Notes_on_Nationalism/o.html/ (accessed 12 April 2007).

Orwell, George.“Reflections on Gandhi.” In A Collection of Essays. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1946.Google Scholar

Pacem in terris. Encyclical of Pope John XXIII, promulgated 11 April 1963, para. 145. Papal Encyclicals, www.papalencyclicals.net/John23/j23pacem.htm/ (accessed 12 June 2007).

Pagnucco, Ronald and John, D. McCarthy. “Advocating Nonviolent Direct Action in Latin America: The Antecedents and Emergence of SERPAJ.” In Nonviolent Social Movements: A Geographical Perspective, ed. Zunes, Stephen, Kurtz, Lester R. and Asher, Sarah Beth. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1999.Google Scholar

Powles, Cyril H. “Abe Isoo: The Utility Man.” In Pacifism in Japan: The Christian and Socialist Tradition, ed. Bamba, Nobuya and Howes, John F.. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1978.Google Scholar

Richardson, Neil R. “International Trade as a Force for Peace.” In Controversies in International Relations Theory: Realism and the Neoliberal Challenge, ed. Kegley, Jr Charles W.. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Russett, Bruce. “Violence and Disease: Trade as a Suppressor of Conflict when Suppressors Matter.” In Economic Interdependence and International Conflict: New Perspectives on an Enduring Debate, ed. Mansfield, Edward D. and Pollins, Brian M.. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Said, Abdul Aziz, Funk, Nathan C. and Kadayifci, Ayse S.. “Introduction: Islamic Approaches to Peace and Conflict Resolution.” In Peace and Conflict Resolution in Islam: Precept and Practice. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2001.Google Scholar

Schwarzschild, Steven S. “Shalom.” In The Challenge of Shalom: The Jewish Tradition of Peace and Justice, ed. Polner, Murray and Goodman, Naomi. Philadelphia, PA: New Society Publishers, 1994.Google Scholar

Donk, Beek en, Jong, Jonkheer B.. “History of the Peace Movement in The Netherlands” [1915]. In Sandi E. Cooper, “Introduction.” In Peace Activities in Belgium and the Netherlands, ed. Cooper, Sandi E.. New York: Garland Publishing, 1972.Google Scholar

Peter, Dungen. “Critics and Criticisms of the British Peace Movement.” In Campaigns for Peace: British Peace Movements in the Twentieth Century, ed. Taylor, RichardYoung, and Nigel. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987.Google Scholar

Yoder, John Howard. “Peace without Eschatology?” In John Howard Yoder, The Royal Priesthood: Essays Ecclesiological and Ecumenical, ed. Cartwright, Michael G.. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Booth, Ken. “Steps Towards Stable Peace in Europe: A Theory and Practice of Coexistence.” International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs) 66, 1 (January 1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ceadel, Martin. “The First British Referendum: The Peace Ballot, 1934–5.” English Historical Review 95, 377 (October 1980).Google Scholar

Chatfield, Charles. “At the Hands of Historians: The Antiwar Movement of the Vietnam Era.” Peace and Change 29, 3 and 4 (July 2004): 497.Google Scholar

Confortini, Catia C. “Galtung, Violence, and Gender: The Case for a Peace Studies / Feminism Alliance.” Peace & Change 31, 3 (July 2006): 333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cortright, David and Lopez, George A.. “Disarming Iraq: Nonmilitary Strategies and Options.” Arms Control Today 32, 7 (September 2002): 3–7.Google Scholar

d'Escoto, Miguel, M. M. “The Power of the Cross.” Catholic Worker 45, 2 (February 1979): 6.Google Scholar

D'Souza, Dinesh. “How Reagan Won the Cold War.” National Review 49, 22 (24 November 1997): 38.Google Scholar

Duram, James C. “In Defense of Conscience: Norman Thomas as an Exponent of Christian Pacifism During World War I.” Journal of Presbyterian History 52, 1 (Spring 1974): 24.Google Scholar

Eichenberg, Richard C. “Gender Differences in Public Attitudes Toward the Use of Force by the United States, 1990–2003.” International Security 28, 1 (Summer 2003): 118–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Epstein, Barbara. “Notes on the Antiwar Movement.” Monthly Review 55, 3 (July–August 2003).Google Scholar

Farrugia, Peter. “French Religious Opposition to War, 1919–1939: The Contribution of Henri Roser and Marc Sangnier.” French History 6, 3 (September 1992): 294–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fogg, Richard Wendell. “Dealing with Conflict: A Repertoire of Creative, Peaceful Approaches.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 29, 2 (June 1985): 334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Forsberg, Randall. “A Bilateral Nuclear-Weapon Freeze.” Scientific American 247, 5 (November 1982): 52–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Galtung, Johan. “Violence, Peace, and Peace Research.” Journal of Peace Research 6, 3 (1969): 167–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hanson, Marianne and Ungerer, Carl. “The Canberra Commission: Paths Followed, Paths Ahead.” Australian Journal of International Affairs 53, 1 (1999): 7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Harbom, Lotta, Högbladh, Stina and Wallensteen, Peter. “Armed Conflict and Peace Agreements.” Journal of Peace Research 43, 5 (2006): 617–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hunter, David G. “A Decade of Research on Early Christians and Military Service.” Religious Studies Review 18, 2 (April 1992): 87–93.Google Scholar

Huygen, Maarten. “Dateline Holland: NATO's Pyrrhic Victory.” Foreign Affairs 62 (12 November 1984): 176.Google Scholar

Johansen, Robert C. “Radical Islam and Nonviolence: A Case Study of Religious Empowerment and Constraint among Pashtuns.” Journal of Peace Research 34, 1 (Feb. 1997): 58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lopez, George A., special editor. “Peace Studies: Past and Future.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 504 (July 1989).Google Scholar

Mamdani, Mahmood. “The Politics of Naming: Genocide, Civil War, Insurgency.” London Review of Books 29, 5 (8 March 2007).Google Scholar

Mead, Margaret. “Warfare Is Only An Invention – Not A Biological Necessity.” Asia 40 (1940): 402–5.Google Scholar

Mearsheimer, John J. and Stephen, M. Walt. “An Unnecessary War.” Foreign Policy (January–February 2003): 50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mueller, John E. “The Search for the ‘Breaking Point’ in Vietnam: The Statistics of a Deadly Quarrel.” International Studies Quarterly 24, 4 (December 1980): 497–519.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Niebuhr, Reinhold and Morgenthau, Hans. “The Ethics of War and Peace in the Nuclear Age.” War/Peace Report 7, 2 (February 1967): 7.Google Scholar

Pilisuk, Marc and Hayden, Thomas. “Is There a Military Industrial Complex Which Prevents Peace?: Consensus and Countervailing Power in Pluralistic Systems.” Journal of Social Issues 21, 3 (July 1965): 67–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Podhoretz, Norman. “Appeasement by any Other Name.” Commentary 76, 1 (July 1983): 29.Google Scholar

Polachek, Solomon William. “Conflict and Trade.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 24, 1 (March 1980): 67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rabinowitch, Eugene. “Five Years After.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 7, 1 (January 1951): 3.Google Scholar

Risse-Kappen, Thomas. “Did ‘Peace Through Strength’ End the Cold War? Lessons from INF.” International Security 16, 1 (Summer 1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Risse-Kappen, Thomas. “Ideas Do Not Float Freely: Transnational Coalitions, Domestic Structures, and the End of the Cold War.” International Organization 48, 2 (Spring 1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sapolsky, Robert M. “A Natural History of Peace.” Foreign Affairs 85, 1 (January/February 2006): 109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schlabach, Gerald. “Just Policing, Not War.” America 189, 1 (7–14 July 2003): 19–21.Google Scholar

Tucker, Robert W. and Hendrickson, David C.. “America and Bosnia.” National Interest 23 (Fall 1993): 14–27.Google Scholar

Voorst, L. Bruce. “The Churches and Nuclear Deterrence.” Foreign Affairs 61, 4 (Spring 1983): 845.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wallerstein, Immanuel. “U.S. Weakness and the Struggle for Hegemony.” Monthly Review 55, 3 (July–August 2003): 28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Yankelovich, Daniel and Doble, John. “The Public Mood: Nuclear Weapons and the U.S.S.R.” Foreign Affairs 63, 1 (Fall 1984): 33–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Yoder, John Howard. “Reinhold Niebuhr and Christian Pacifism.” Mennonite Quarterly Review 29, 2 (April 1955): 101.Google Scholar