Bibliography

Elke E. Stockreiter

doi:10.1017/CBO9781107261440.015

Abd Hamid, Hamidin. “Unfinished Business: The Implementation of the Land Titles Ordinance in Coastal Kenya, 1908–1940s.” PhD diss., SOAS, University of London, 2000.Google Scholar

Bishara, Fahad Ahmad. “A Sea of Debt: Histories of Commerce and Obligation in the Indian Ocean, c. 1850–1940.” PhD diss., Duke University, 2012.Google Scholar

Lacunza Balda, Justo. “An Investigation into Some Concepts and Ideas Found in Swahili Islamic Writings.” PhD diss., SOAS, University of London, 1989.Google Scholar

Landberg, Pamela Weaver. “Kinship and Community in a Tanzanian Coastal Village (East Africa).” PhD diss., University of California, Davis, 1977.Google Scholar

Lovett, Margot Louise. “Elders, Migrants and Wives: Labor Migration and the Renegotiation of Intergenerational, Patronage and Gender Relations in Highland Buha, Western Tanzania, 1921–1962.” PhD diss., Columbia University, 1996.Google Scholar

McDow, Thomas F. “Where Credit Is Due: Zanzibar and the Limits of Indian Ocean Cosmopolitanism.” Paper presented at the workshop Shifting the Meaning: Time, Space, Connectivity and Its Challenges in the Western Indian Ocean, Berlin, May 21–23, 2007.Google Scholar

McDow, Thomas F. “Arabs and Africans: Commerce and Kinship from Oman to the East African Interior, c. 1820–1900.” PhD diss., Yale University, 2008. ProQuest (ATT 3317172).Google Scholar

Mwakimako, Hassan Abdulrahman. “Politics, Ethnicity and Jostling for Power: the Evolution of Institutions of Muslim Leadership and Kadhiship in Colonial Kenya, 1895–1963.” PhD diss., University of Cape Town, 2003.Google Scholar

Myers, Garth Andrew. “Reconstructing Ng'ambo: Town Planning and Development on the Other Side of Zanzibar.” PhD diss., UCLA, 1993.Google Scholar

O'Malley, Gabrielle E. “Marriage and Morality: Negotiating Gender and Respect in Zanzibar Town.” PhD diss., University of Washington, 2000.Google Scholar

Purpura, Allyson. “Knowledge and Agency: The Social Relations of Islamic Expertise in Zanzibar Town.” PhD diss., CUNY, 1997.Google Scholar

Shao, Ibrahim Fokas. “Land Tenure System and Land Reform in Zanzibar (1830s–1978).” MA diss., University of Dar es-Salaam, 1978.Google Scholar

Africa: Correspondence Respecting Slavery and the Slave Trade in East Africa and the Islands of Zanzibar and Pemba, No. 6. London: Harrison & Sons, 1902.Google Scholar

Annual Report of the Provincial Administration, 1957. Zanzibar: Government Printer, 1958.Google Scholar

Annual Reports on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of the Zanzibar Protectorate, 1931–1938. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1932–1939.Google Scholar

Supplement to the Official Gazette Zanzibar 1928, Vol.XXXVII-No.1897, 2 June 1928.Google Scholar

Supplement to the Official Gazette Zanzibar 1928, Vol.XXXVII-No.1898, 9 June 1928.Google Scholar

Zanzibar Law Reports. Vol. 1. Compiled by Sir Murison, William and Abrahams, S. S.. London: Waterlow & Sons Ltd., 1919.Google Scholar

Zanzibar Protectorate. Administrative Reports, 1915–1931. Zanzibar: Government Printer, 1916–1932.Google Scholar

Abdal-Rehim, Abdal-Rehim Abdal-Rahman. “The Family and Gender Laws in Egypt during the Ottoman Period.” In Women, the Family, and Divorce Laws in Islamic History, ed. Azhary Sonbol, Amina El, 96–111. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Agmon, Iris. “Women, Class, and Gender: Muslim Jaffa and Haifa at the Turn of the Twentieth Century.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 30, no. 4 (1998): 477–500.CrossRef Google Scholar

Agmon, Iris. “Text, Court, and Family in Late-Nineteenth-Century Palestine.” In Family History in the Middle East: Household, Property and Gender, ed. Doumani, Beshara, 201–28. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Agmon, Iris. Family and Court: Legal Culture and Modernity in Late Ottoman Palestine. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Ahmed, Leila. Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Akarlı, Engin Deniz. “Law in the Marketplace: Istanbul, 1730–1840.” In Dispensing Justice in Islam: Qadis and their Judgments, ed. Khalid Masud, Muhammad, Peters, Rudolph, and Powers, David S., 245–70. Leiden: Brill, 2006.Google Scholar

Allen, James de Vere. Swahili Origins: Swahili Culture and the Shungwaya Phenomenon. London: James Currey, 1993.Google Scholar

Allman, Jean, and Tashjian, Victoria. “I Will Not Eat Stone”: A Women's History of Colonial Asante. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2000.Google Scholar

Allott, Antony N. “The Future of African Law.” In African Law: Adaptation and Development, ed. Kuper, Hilda and Kuper, Leo, 216–40. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1965.Google Scholar

Alpers, Edward. “‘Ordinary Household Chores': Ritual and Power in a Nineteenth-Century Swahili Women's Spirit Possession Cult.” International Journal of African Historical Studies 17, no. 4 (1984): 677–702.CrossRef Google Scholar

Alshech, Eli. “‘Do Not Enter Houses Other Than Your Own': The Evolution of the Notion of a Private Domestic Sphere in Early Sunni Islamic Thought.” Islamic Law and Society 11, no. 3 (2004): 291–332.CrossRef Google Scholar

Anderson, J. N. D. “Recent Reforms in the Islamic Law of Inheritance.” International and Comparative Law Quarterly 14, no. 2 (1965): 349–65.CrossRef Google Scholar

Anderson, J. N. D. “The Eclipse of the Patriarchal Family in Contemporary Islamic Law.” In Family Law in Asia and Africa, ed. Anderson, J. N. D., 221–34. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1968.Google Scholar

Anderson, J. N. D. Islamic Law in Africa. 1955. Reprint with a new preface, London: Frank Cass, 1970.Google Scholar

Anderson, J. N. D. “Reforms in the Law of Divorce in the Muslim World.” Studia Islamica 31 (1970): 41–52.CrossRef Google Scholar

Anderson, Michael R. “Islamic Law and the Colonial Encounter in British India.” In Institutions and Ideologies: A SOAS South Asia Reader, ed. Arnold, David and Robb, Peter, 165–85. Richmond: Curzon, 1993.Google Scholar

Anderson, Michael R. “Legal Scholarship and the Politics of Islam in British India.” In Perspectives on Islamic Law, Justice, and Society, ed. Khare, Ravindra S., 65–91. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999.Google Scholar

Arabi, Oussama. “The Dawning of the Third Millennium on Shariʿa: Egypt's Law no.1 of 2000, or Women May Divorce at Will.” Arab Law Quarterly 16, no. 1 (2001): 2–21.CrossRef Google Scholar

Arens, W. “The Waswahili: The Social History of an Ethnic Group.” Africa 45, no. 4 (1975): 426–38.CrossRef Google Scholar

Askew, Kelly M. “Female Circles and Male Lines: Gender Dynamics along the Swahili Coast.” Africa Today 46, no. 3/4 (1999): 67–102.CrossRef Google Scholar

Ayany, Samuel G. A History of Zanzibar: A Study in Constitutional Development, 1934–1964. Nairobi: East African Literature Bureau, 1970.Google Scholar

Bakari, Mtoro bin Mwinyi. The Customs of the Swahili People: The Desturi za Waswahili of Mtoro bin Mwinyi Bakari and Other Swahili Persons. Ed. and trans. by Allen, J. W. T.. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981.Google Scholar

Bang, Anne K. Sufis and Scholars of the Sea: Family Networks in East Africa, 1860–1925. London: Routledge Curzon, 2003.Google Scholar

Bang, Anne K. “Another Scholar for All Seasons? Tāhir b. Abī Bakr al-Amawī (1877–1938), qādī of Zanzibar, c. 1900–1933.” In The Global Worlds of the Swahili: Interfaces of Islam, Identity and Space in 19th and 20th-Century East Africa, ed. Loimeier, Roman and Seesemann, Rüdiger, 273–88. Berlin: Lit Verlag, 2006.Google Scholar

Bang, Anne K. “Cosmopolitanism Colonised? Three Cases from Zanzibar, 1890–1920.” In Struggling with History: Islam and Cosmopolitanism in the Western Indian Ocean, ed. Simpson, Edward and Kresse, Kai, 167–88. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Bang, Anne K., and Vikør, Knut S.. “A Tale of Three shambas: Shāfiʿī-Ibāḍī Legal Cooperation in the Zanzibari Protectorate, Part I.” Sudanic Africa 10 (1999): 1–26.Google Scholar

Bang, Anne K., and Vikør, Knut S.. “A Tale of Three shambas, Part II.” Sudanic Africa 11 (2000): 1–24.Google Scholar

Becker, C. H. “Materialien zur Kenntnis des Islam in Deutsch-Ostafrika.” Der Islam 2 (1911): 1–48.CrossRef Google Scholar

Becker, Felicitas. Becoming Muslim in Mainland Tanzania, 1890–2000. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.CrossRef Google Scholar

Bennett, Norman R. A History of the Arab State of Zanzibar. London: Methuen, 1978.Google Scholar

Benton, Lauren. Law and Colonial Cultures: Legal Regimes in World History, 1400–1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Berg, L. W. C. van den. Minhādj aṭ-ṭālibīn. Le guide des zélés croyants. Manuel de jurisprudence musulmane selon le rite de Chāfiʿī. Vols. II–III. Arabic text, published at the order of the government, trans. and annotation by van den Berg, L. W. C.. Batavia: Government Press, 1883–84.Google Scholar

Bhacker, M. Reda. Trade and Empire in Muscat and Zanzibar: Roots of British Domination. London: Routledge, 1992.Google Scholar

Biersteker, Ann. “Language, Poetry, and Power: A Reconsideration of ‘Utendi wa Mwana Kupona.'” In Faces of Islam in African Literature, ed. Harrow, Kenneth W., 59–77. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1991.Google Scholar

Bissell, William Cunningham. Urban Design, Chaos, and Colonial Power in Zanzibar. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2011.Google Scholar

Boddy, Janice. Civilizing Women: British Crusades in Colonial Sudan. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007.CrossRef Google Scholar

Brennan, James R. Taifa: Making Nation and Race in Urban Tanzania. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Brockelmann, C. Geschichte der Arabischen Litteratur. Second supplement. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1938.Google Scholar

Bromber, Katrin, ed. The Jurisdiction of the Sultan of Zanzibar and the Subjects of Foreign Nations. Trans. by Bomber, Katrin. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag, 2001.Google Scholar

Bromber, Katrin. “Who are the Zanzibari? Newspaper Debates on Difference, 1948–1958.” In Space on the Move: Transformations of the Indian Ocean Seascape in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Century, ed. Deutsch, Jan-Georg and Reinwald, Brigitte, 75–89. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2002.CrossRef Google Scholar

Bromber, Katrin. “Ustaarabu: A Conceptual Change in Tanganyikan Newspaper Discourse in the 1920s.” In The Global Worlds of the Swahili: Interfaces of Islam, Identity and Space in 19th and 20th-Century East Africa, ed. Loimeier, Roman and Seesemann, Rüdiger, 67–81. Berlin: Lit Verlag, 2006.Google Scholar

Brown, Beverly B. “Islamic Law, Qadhis' Courts and Muslim Women's Legal Status: The Case of Kenya.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 14, no. 1/2 (1994): 94–101.CrossRef Google Scholar

Bujra, Janet M. “Production, Property, Prostitution. ‘Sexual Politics' in Atu.” Cahiers d'études africaines 17, no. 1 (1977): 13–39.CrossRef Google Scholar

Burton, Richard F. Zanzibar: City, Island, and Coast. Vol. I. London: Tinsley Brothers, 1872.CrossRef Google Scholar

Caplan, Pat. Choice and Constraint in a Swahili Community: Property, Hierarchy, and Cognatic Descent on the East African Coast. London: Oxford University Press, 1975.Google Scholar

Caplan, Pat. “Gender, Ideology and Modes of Production on the Coast of East Africa.” Paideuma 28 (1982): 29–43.Google Scholar

Caplan, Pat. “‘Law' and ‘Custom': Marital Disputes on Northern Mafia Island, Tanzania.” In Understanding Disputes: The Politics of Argument, ed. Caplan, Pat, 203–21. Oxford: Berg, 1995.Google Scholar

Carroll, Lucy. “Qurʾan 2:229 ‘A Charter Granted to the Wife'? Judicial Khulʿ in Pakistan.” Islamic Law and Society 3, no. 1 (1996): 91–126.CrossRef Google Scholar

Chanock, Martin. “Making Customary Law: Men, Women, and Courts in Colonial Northern Rhodesia.” In African Women and the Law: Historical Perspectives, ed. Jean Hay, Margaret and Wright, Marcia, 53–67. Boston: Boston University, 1982.Google Scholar

Chanock, Martin. Law, Custom and Social Order: The Colonial Experience in Malawi and Zambia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.Google Scholar

Chanock, Martin. “A Peculiar Sharpness: An Essay on Property in the History of Customary Law in Colonial Africa.” Journal of African History 32, no. 1 (1991): 65–88.CrossRef Google Scholar

Christelow, Allan. “The Muslim Judge and Municipal Politics in Colonial Algeria and Senegal.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 24 (1982): 3–24.CrossRef Google Scholar

Christelow, Allan. Muslim Law Courts and the French Colonial State in Algeria. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985.CrossRef Google Scholar

Christelow, Allan. “The Transformation of the Muslim Court System in Colonial Algeria: Reflections on the Concept of Autonomy.” In Islamic Law: Social and Historical Contexts, ed. al-Azmeh, Aziz, 215–30. London: Routledge, 1988.Google Scholar

Christelow, Allan. “Theft, Homicide, and Oath in Early Twentieth-Century Kano.” In Law in Colonial Africa, ed. Mann, Kristin and Roberts, Richard, 205–23. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1991.Google Scholar

Christelow, Allan, ed. Thus Ruled Emir Abbas: Selected Cases from the Records of the Emir of Kano's Judicial Council. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1994.Google Scholar

Christelow, Allan. “Islamic Law and Judicial Practice in Nigeria: An Historical Perspective.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 22, no. 1 (2002): 185–204.CrossRef Google Scholar

Clancy-Smith, Julia. “Islam, Gender, and Identities in the Making of French Algeria, 1830–1962.” In Domesticating the Empire: Race, Gender, and Family Life in French and Dutch Colonialism, ed. Clancy-Smith, Julia and Gouda, Frances, 154–74. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1998.Google Scholar

Clarence-Smith, William Gervase. Islam and the Abolition of Slavery. London: Hurst, 2006.Google Scholar

Clayton, Anthony. The Zanzibar Revolution and Its Aftermath. London: Hurst, 1981.Google Scholar

Comaroff, John, and Roberts, Simon. Rules and Processes: The Cultural Logic of Dispute in an African Context. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.Google Scholar

Constantin, François. “Le saint et le prince: Sur les fondements de la dynamique confrérique en Afrique orientale.” In Les voies de l'islam en Afrique orientale, ed. Constantin, François, 85–109. Paris: Karthala, 1987.CrossRef Google Scholar

Constantin, François. “Social Stratification on the Swahili Coast: From Race to Class?” Africa 59, no. 2 (1989): 145–60.CrossRef Google Scholar

Constantin, François. “Leadership, Muslim Identities and East African Politics: Tradition, Bureaucratization and Communication.” In Muslim Identity and Social Change in Sub-Saharan Africa, ed. Brenner, Louis, 36–58. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Cooper, Barbara M. “Reflections on Slavery, Seclusion and Female Labor in the Maradi Region of Niger in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries.” Journal of African History 35, no. 1 (1994): 61–78.CrossRef Google Scholar

Cooper, Barbara M. Marriage in Maradi: Gender and Culture in a Hausa Society in Niger, 1900–1989. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1997.Google Scholar

Cooper, Frederick. Plantation Slavery on the East Coast of Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977.Google Scholar

Cooper, Frederick. “The Problem of Slavery in African Studies.” Journal of African History 20, no. 1 (1979): 103–25.CrossRef Google Scholar

Cooper, Frederick. From Slaves to Squatters: Plantation Labor and Agriculture in Zanzibar and Coastal Kenya, 1890–1925. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980.Google Scholar

Cooper, Frederick. “Islam and Cultural Hegemony: The Ideology of Slaveowners on the East African Coast.” In The Ideology of Slavery in Africa, ed. Lovejoy, P. E., 270–307. London: Sage, 1981.Google Scholar

Cooper, Frederick, and Stoler, Ann Laura, eds. Tensions of Empire: Colonial Cultures in a Bourgeois World. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.CrossRef Google Scholar

Coulson, N. J. A History of Islamic Law. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1964.Google Scholar

Coulson, N. J. Succession in Islamic Family Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972.Google Scholar

Coulson, N. J. Conflicts and Tensions in Islamic Jurisprudence. 1969. Reprint, Kuala Lumpur: The Other Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Croucher, Sarah, and Wynne-Jones, Stephanie. “People, Not Pots: Locally Produced Ceramics and Identity on the Nineteenth-Century East African Coast.” International Journal of African Historical Studies 39, no. 1 (2006): 107–24.Google Scholar

Cuno, Kenneth M. “Disobedient Wives and Neglectful Husbands: Marital Relations and the First Phase of Family Law Reform in Egypt.” In Family, Gender, and Law in a Globalizing Middle East and South Asia, ed. Cuno, Kenneth M. and Desai, Manisha, 3–18. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2009.Google Scholar

Dickerman, Carol. “The Use of Court Records as Sources for African History: Some Examples from Bujumbura, Burundi.” History in Africa 11 (1984): 69–81.CrossRef Google Scholar

Dickerman, Carol. “African Courts under the Colonial Regime: Usumbura, Ruanda-Urundi, 1938–1962.” Canadian Journal of African Studies 26, no. 1 (1992): 55–69.Google Scholar

Doumani, Beshara. Rediscovering Palestine: Merchants and Peasants in Jabal Nablus, 1700–1900. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Eastman, Carol. “Who Are the Swahili?” Africa 41, no. 3 (1971): 228–36.CrossRef Google Scholar

Eastman, Carol. “Women, Slaves, and Foreigners: African Cultural Influences and Group Processes in the Formation of Northern Swahili Coastal Society.” International Journal of African Historical Studies 21, no. 1 (1988): 1–20.CrossRef Google Scholar

El Alami, Dawoud Sudqi, and Hinchcliffe, Doreen. Islamic Marriage and Divorce Laws of the Arab World. 1996. Reprint, London: Kluwer Law International, 1998.CrossRef Google Scholar

El-Busaidy, Hamed bin Saleh. Ndoa na talaka. 1958. Reprint, Nairobi: East African Literature Bureau, 1962.Google Scholar

Elmasri, F. H. “Sheikh al-Amin bin Ali al-Mazrui and the Islamic Intellectual Tradition in East Africa.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 8, no. 2 (1987): 229–37.Google Scholar

Ewald, Janet J. “Crossers of the Sea: Slaves, Freedman, and other Migrants in the Northwestern Indian Ocean, c.1750–1914.” American Historical Review 105, no. 1 (2000): 69–91.CrossRef Google Scholar

Fair, Laura. “Dressing Up: Clothing, Class and Gender in Post-Abolition Zanzibar.” Journal of African History 39, no. 1 (1998): 63–94.CrossRef Google Scholar

Fair, Laura. Pastimes and Politics: Culture, Community, and Identity in Post-Abolition Urban Zanzibar, 1890–1945. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Farsy, Abdallah Salih. Seyyid Said bin Sultan. Zanzibar: Mwongozi Printing Press, [1942].Google Scholar

Farsy, Abdallah Salih. The Shafiʿi ulama of East Africa, c.1830–1970: A Hagiographic Account. Trans., ed., and annotated by Pouwels, R. L.. Madison: University of Wisconsin, 1989.Google Scholar

Fisher, Humphrey J. Slavery in the History of Muslim Black Africa. London: Hurst, 2001.Google Scholar

Gerber, Haim. “Social and Economic Position of Women in an Ottoman City, Bursa, 1600–1700.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 12, no. 3 (1980): 231–44.CrossRef Google Scholar

Gerber, Haim. State, Society, and Law in Islam: Ottoman Law in Comparative Perspective. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994.Google Scholar

Ghazal, Amal N. Islamic Reform and Arab Nationalism: Expanding the Crescent from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean (1880s–1930s). London: Routledge, 2010.CrossRef Google Scholar

Glassman, Jonathon. “The Bondsman's New Clothes: The Contradictory Consciousness of Slave Resistance on the Swahili Coast.” Journal of African History 32, no. 2 (1991): 277–312.CrossRef Google Scholar

Glassman, Jonathon. Feasts and Riot: Revelry, Rebellion, and Popular Consciousness on the Swahili Coast, 1856–1888. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1995.Google Scholar

Glassman, Jonathon. “Sorting out the Tribes: The Creation of Racial Identities in Colonial Zanzibar's Newspaper Wars.” Journal of African History 41, no. 3 (2000): 395–428.CrossRef Google Scholar

Glassman, Jonathon. “Stolen Knowledge: Struggles for Popular Islam on the Swahili Coast, 1870–1963.” In Islam in East Africa: New Sources. (Archives. Manuscripts and Written Historical Sources. Oral History. Archaeology). International Colloquium, Rome, 2–4 December 1999, ed. Scarcia Amoretti, Biancamaria, 209–25. Rome: Herder, 2001.Google Scholar

Glassman, Jonathon. “Slower Than a Massacre: The Multiple Sources of Racial Thought in Colonial Africa.” American Historical Review 109, no. 3 (2004): 720–54.CrossRef Google Scholar

Glassman, Jonathon. War of Words, War of Stones: Racial Thought and Violence in Colonial Zanzibar. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2011.Google Scholar

Glassman, Jonathon. “Creole Nationalists and the Search for Nativist Authenticity in Twentieth-Century Zanzibar: The Limits of Cosmopolitanism.” Journal of African History 55, no. 2 (2014): 229–247.CrossRef Google Scholar

Gleave, R., and Kermeli, E., eds. Islamic Law: Theory and Practice. London: I. B. Tauris, 1997.Google Scholar

Gocking, Roger. “British Justice and the Native Tribunals of the Southern Gold Coast Colony.” Journal of African History 34, no. 1 (1993): 93–113.CrossRef Google Scholar

Goody, Jack, and Tambiah, S. J.. Bridewealth and Dowry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.Google Scholar

Gower, Rebecca, Salm, Steven, and Falola, Toyin. “Swahili Women since the Nineteenth Century: Theoretical and Empirical Considerations on Gender and Identity Construction.” Africa Today 43, no. 3 (1996): 251–68.Google Scholar PubMed

Gray, John. History of Zanzibar from the Middle Ages to 1856. London: Oxford University Press, 1962.Google Scholar

Groff, David. “The Dynamics of Collaboration and the Rule of Law in French West Africa: The Case of Kwame Kangah of Assikasso (Côte d'Ivoire), 1898–1922.” In Law in Colonial Africa, ed. Mann, Kristin and Roberts, Richard, 146–66. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1991.Google Scholar

Gundara, Jagdish S. “British Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in Nineteenth Century Zanzibar.” Africa Quarterly 23, no. 3/4 (1983): 10–27.Google Scholar

Gurnah, Abdulrazak. Paradise. London: Penguin, 1995.Google Scholar

Hall, Bruce S. A History of Race in Muslim West Africa, 1600–1960. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.CrossRef Google Scholar

Hallaq, Wael. “The qāḍī's dīwān (sijill) before the Ottomans.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 61, no. 3 (1998): 415–36.CrossRef Google Scholar

Hallaq, Wael B. Shariʿa: Theory, Practice, Transformations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.CrossRef Google Scholar

Hanak, Irmi. Gericht–Sprache–Macht: Überlegungen zur Realisierung von Dominanzverhältnissen in und durch sprachliche Kommunikation am Beispiel des Familiengerichts in Zanzibar. Vienna: Afro-Pub, 1994.Google Scholar

Hanretta, Sean. Islam and Social Change in French West Africa: History of an Emancipatory Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.CrossRef Google Scholar

Hay, Margaret Jean. “Women as Owners, Occupants, and Managers of Property in Colonial Western Kenya.” In African Women and the Law: Historical Perspectives, ed. Jean Hay, Margaret and Wright, Marcia, 110–23. Boston: Boston University, 1982.Google Scholar

Hay, Margaret Jean, and Wright, Marcia, eds. African Women and the Law: Historical Perspectives. Boston: Boston University, 1982.Google Scholar

Hemedi, Ali bin. Nikahi: A Handbook of the Law of Marriage in Islam. Trans. by J. W. T. Allen. s.l.: s.n., 1934.Google Scholar

Hirsch, Susan F. “Kadhi's Courts as Complex Sites of Resistance: The State, Islam, and Gender in Postcolonial Kenya.” In Contested States: Law, Hegemony and Resistance, ed. Lazarus-Black, Mindie and Hirsch, Susan F., 207–30. New York: Routledge, 1994.Google Scholar

Hirsch, Susan F. Pronouncing and Persevering: Gender and the Discourses of Disputing in an African Islamic Court. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Ho, Engseng. The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006.CrossRef Google Scholar

Hodgson, Dorothy L., and McCurdy, Sheryl. “Wicked” Women and the Reconfiguration of Gender in Africa. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2001.Google Scholar

Hoffman, Valerie J. “The Articulation of Ibadi Identity in Modern Oman and Zanzibar.” Muslim World 94, no. 2 (2004): 201–16.CrossRef Google Scholar

Hoffman, Valerie J. “In His (Arab) Majesty's Service: The Career of a Somali Scholar and Diplomat in Nineteenth-Century Zanzibar.” In The Global Worlds of the Swahili: Interfaces of Islam, Identity and Space in 19th and 20th-Century East Africa, ed. Loimeier, Roman and Seesemann, Rüdiger, 251–72. Berlin: Lit Verlag, 2006.Google Scholar

Hollingsworth, L. W. Zanzibar under the Foreign Office, 1890–1913. London: Macmillan, 1953.Google Scholar

Hooker, M. B. Legal Pluralism: An Introduction to Colonial and Neo-Colonial Laws. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975.Google Scholar

Battuta, Ibn. Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325–1354. Trans. and selected by Gibb, H. A. R.. New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1969.Google Scholar

Ibrahim, Abdullahi Ali. Manichaean Delirium: Decolonizing the Judiciary and Islamic Renewal in the Sudan, 1898–1985. Leiden: Brill, 2008.CrossRef Google Scholar

Imber, Colin. Ebu's-su'ud: The Islamic Legal Tradition. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1997.CrossRef Google Scholar

Ingrams, W. H. Zanzibar: Its History and Its People. London: H. F. & G. Witherby, 1931.Google Scholar

Jeppie, Shamil, Moosa, Ebrahim, and Roberts, Richard, eds. Muslim Family Law in Sub-Saharan Africa: Colonial Legacies and Post-Colonial Challenges. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2010.CrossRef Google Scholar

Kandiyoti, Deniz. “Islam and Patriarchy: A Comparative Perspective.” In Women in Middle Eastern History: Shifting Boundaries in Sex and Gender, ed. Keddie, Nikki R. and Baron, Beth, 23–42. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991.Google Scholar

Kapteijns, Lidwien. “Government Qadis and Child Marriage in Aden: Ethnography in the Aden Archives.” International Journal of African Historical Studies 37, no. 3 (2004): 401–34.CrossRef Google Scholar

al-Khalīlī, Aḥmad b. Ḥamad. Fatāwā al-nikāḥ. 2nd ed. Muscat, Oman: Ministry of Religious Endowments and Affairs, 2003.Google Scholar

Kingdon, H. E. The Conflict of Laws in Zanzibar. Zanzibar: Government Printer, 1940.Google Scholar

Kirkman, James, ed. “The Zanzibar Diary of John Studdy Leigh, Part I.” International Journal of African Historical Studies 13, no. 2 (1980): 281–312.Google Scholar

Kirkman, James, ed. “The Zanzibar Diary of John Studdy Leigh, Part II.” International Journal of African Historical Studies 13, no. 3 (1980): 492–507.Google Scholar

Knappert, Jan. “Social and Moral Concepts in Swahili Islamic Literature.” Africa 40, no. 2 (1970): 125–36.CrossRef Google Scholar

Kresse, Kai. “‘Swahili Enlightenment?' East African Reformist Discourse at the Turning Point: The Example of Sheikh Muhammad Kasim Mazrui.” Journal of Religion in Africa 33, no. 3 (2003): 279–309.CrossRef Google Scholar

Kyomuhendo, Grace B., and McIntosh, Marjorie K.. Women, Work, and Domestic Virtue in Uganda, 1900–2003. Oxford: James Currey, 2006.Google Scholar

Landberg, Pamela. “Widows and Divorced Women in Swahili Society.” In Widows in African Societies: Choices and Constraints, ed. Potash, Betty, 107–30. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1986.Google Scholar

Lawrance, Benjamin N., Osborn, Emily Lynn, and Roberts, Richard L., eds. Intermediaries, Interpreters, and Clerks: African Employees in the Making of Colonial Africa. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Layish, Aharon. “Customary Khulʿ as Reflected in the Sijill of the Libyan Sharīʿa Courts.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 51, no. 3 (1988): 428–39.CrossRef Google Scholar

Layish, Aharon. Divorce in the Libyan Family: A Study Based on the sijills of the sharīʿa Courts of Ajdābiyya and Kufra. New York: New York University Press, 1991.Google Scholar

Lazreg, Marnia. The Eloquence of Silence: Algerian Women in Question. New York: Routledge, 1994.Google Scholar

Le Cour Grandmaison, Colette. “Rich Cousins, Poor Cousins: Hidden Stratification among the Omani Arabs in Eastern Africa.” Africa 59, no. 2 (1989): 176–84.Google Scholar

Lee, Christopher J. “The ‘Native' Undefined: Colonial Categories, Anglo-African Status and the Politics of Kinship in British Central Africa, 1929–38.” Journal of African History 46, no. 3 (2005): 455–78.CrossRef Google Scholar

Lee, Christopher J. “Jus Solis and Jus Sanguinis in the Colonies: The Interwar Politics of Race, Culture, and Multiracial Legal Status in British Africa.” Law and History Review 29, no. 2 (2011): 497–522.CrossRef Google Scholar

Le Guennec-Coppens, Françoise. “L'instabilité conjugale et ses conséquences dans la société Swahili de Lamu (Kenya).” In Transformations of African Marriage, ed. Parkin, David and Nyamwaya, David, 233–45. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987.Google Scholar

Le Guennec-Coppens, Françoise. “Qui épouse-t-on chez les Hadrami d'Afrique orientale: Les réseaux d'alliances.” In Les Swahili entre Afrique et Arabie, ed. Le Guennec-Coppens, Françoise and Caplan, Pat, 145–62. Paris: Karthala, 1991.Google Scholar

Lofchie, Michael F. Zanzibar: Background to Revolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965.Google Scholar

Loimeier, Roman. “Patterns and Peculiarities of Islamic Reform in Africa.” Journal of Religion in Africa 33, no. 3 (2003): 237–62.CrossRef Google Scholar

Loimeier, Roman. Between Social Skills and Marketable Skills: The Politics of Islamic Education in 20th century Zanzibar. Leiden: Brill, 2009.CrossRef Google Scholar

Lydon, Ghislaine. On Trans-Saharan Trails: Islamic Law, Trade Networks, and Cross-Cultural Exchange in Nineteenth-Century Western Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.CrossRef Google Scholar

Lyne, Robert Nunez. Zanzibar in Contemporary Times: A Short History of the Southern East in the Nineteenth Century. London: Hurst & Blackett, 1905.Google Scholar

Mahmood, Saba. Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Mann, Kristin. Marrying Well: Marriage, Status and Social Change among the Educated Elite in Colonial Lagos. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.Google Scholar

Mann, Kristin. “The Rise of Taiwo Olowo: Law, Accumulation, and Mobility in Early Colonial Lagos.” In Law in Colonial Africa, ed. Mann, Kristin and Roberts, Richard, 85–107. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1991.Google Scholar

Mann, Kristin. Slavery and the Birth of an African City: Lagos, 1760–1900. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Mann, Kristin, and Roberts, Richard, eds. Law in Colonial Africa. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1991.Google Scholar

Martin, B. G. “Notes on Some Members of the Learned Classes of Zanzibar and East Africa in the Nineteenth Century.” African Historical Studies 4, no. 3 (1971): 525–45.CrossRef Google Scholar

Martin, Esmond Bradley. Zanzibar: Tradition and Revolution. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1978.Google Scholar

Masud, Muhammad Khalid, Peters, Rudolph, and Powers, David S.. “Qādīs and their Courts: An Historical Survey.” In Dispensing Justice in Islam: Qadis and their Judgments, ed. Khalid Masud, Muhammad, Peters, Rudolph, and Powers, David S., 1–44. Leiden: Brill, 2006.Google Scholar

al-Māwardī, Abū Ḥasan. al-Aḥkām as-Sulṭāniyyah. The Laws of Islamic Governance. Trans. by Yate, Asadullah. London: Ta-Ha, 1996.Google Scholar

Mazrui, Alamin M., and Shariff, Ibrahim Noor. The Swahili: Idiom and Identity of an African People. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1994.Google Scholar

Mbilinyi, Marjorie. “Women's Resistance in ‘Customary' Marriage: Tanzania's Runaway Wives.” In Forced Labour and Migration: Patterns of Movement within Africa, ed. Zegeye, Abebe and Ishemo, Shubi, 211–54. London: Hans Zell, 1989.Google Scholar

Mbogoni, Lawrence E. Y. “Censoring the Press in Colonial Zanzibar: An Account of the Seditious Case against al-Falaq.” In In Search of a Nation: Histories of Authority & Dissidence in Tanzania, ed. Maddox, Gregory H. and Giblin, James L., 198–215. Oxford: James Currey, 2005.Google Scholar

McClintock, Anne. Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest. New York: Routledge, 1995.Google Scholar

McDow, Thomas F. “Being Baysar: (In)flexible Identities in East Africa.” The MIT Electronic Journal of Middle East Studies 5 (2005): 34–42. http://web.mit.edu/cis/www/mitejmes/Google Scholar

McIntosh, Marjorie K. Yoruba Women, Work, and Social Change. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009.Google Scholar

McMahon, Elisabeth. Slavery and Emancipation in Islamic East Africa: From Honor to Respectability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.CrossRef Google Scholar

McMahon, Elisabeth, and Decker, Corrie. “Wives or Workers? Negotiating the Social Contract between Female Teachers and the Colonial State in Zanzibar.” Journal of Women's History 21, no. 2 (2009): 39–61.CrossRef Google Scholar

Meriwether, Margaret L. The Kin Who Count: Family and Society in Ottoman Aleppo, 1770–1840. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Mernissi, Fatima. Beyond the Veil: Male-Female Dynamics in Modern Muslim Society. Revised ed. London: Saqi Books, 2003.Google Scholar

Merry, Sally Engle. “The Articulation of Legal Spheres.” In African Women and the Law: Historical Perspectives, ed. Jean Hay, Margaret and Wright, Marcia, 68–89. Boston: Boston University, 1982.Google Scholar

Messick, Brinkley. The Calligraphic State: Textual Domination and History in a Muslim Society. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.CrossRef Google Scholar

Middleton, John. The World of the Swahili: An African Mercantile Civilization. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Middleton, John, and Campbell, Jane. Zanzibar: Its Society and Its Politics. London: Oxford University Press, 1965.Google Scholar

Miers, Suzanne, and Kopytoff, Igor, eds. Slavery in Africa: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1977.Google Scholar

Miran, Jonathan. Red Sea Citizens: Cosmopolitan Society and Cultural Change in Massawa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009.Google Scholar

Mir-Hosseini, Ziba. Marriage on Trial: A Study of Islamic Family Law. Revised ed. London: I. B. Tauris, 2000.Google Scholar

Mirza, Sarah, and Strobel, Margaret, eds. Three Swahili Women: Life Histories from Mombasa, Kenya. Trans. by Mirza, S. and Strobel, M.. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.Google Scholar

Mommsen, W. J., and De Moor, J. A., eds. European Expansion and Law: The Encounter of European and Indigenous Law in 19th and 20th Century Africa and Asia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.Google Scholar

Moore, Sally Falk. Law as Process: An Anthropological Approach. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978.Google Scholar

Moore, Sally Falk. Social Facts and Fabrications: ‘Customary' Law on Kilimanjaro, 1880– 1980. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.Google Scholar

Moors, Annelies. Women, Property and Islam: Palestinian Experiences, 1920–1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Moors, Annelies. “Debating Islamic Family Law: Legal Texts and Social Practices.” In Social History of Women and Gender in the Modern Middle East, ed. Meriwether, Margaret L. and Tucker, Judith E., 141–75. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Morton, Fred. “Pawning and Slavery on the Kenya Coast: The Miji Kenda Case.” In Pawnship, Slavery, and Colonialism in Africa, ed. Lovejoy, Paul E. and Falola, Toyin, 239–54. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2003.Google Scholar

al-Mughayrī, Saʿīd b. ʿAlī. Juhaynat al-akhbār fī tārīkh zinjibār. 2nd ed. Muscat, Oman: Ministry of Heritage and Culture, 1986.Google Scholar

Mwakimako, Hassan. “The ʿulamāʾ and the Colonial State in the Protectorate of Kenya. The Appointment of shaykh al-islām sharīf ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Aḥmad Saggaf (1844–1922) and Chief Kadhi Sh. Muhammad b. ʿUmar Bakore (c.1932).” In The Global Worlds of the Swahili: Interfaces of Islam, Identity and Space in 19th and 20th-Century East Africa, ed. Loimeier, Roman and Seesemann, Rüdiger, 289–315. Berlin: Lit Verlag, 2006.Google Scholar

Mwangi, Kuria. “The Application and Development of Sharia in Kenya: 1895–1990.” In Islam in Kenya. Proceedings of the National Seminar of Contemporary Islam in Kenya, ed. Bakari, Mohamed and Yahya, Saad S., 252–59. Nairobi: Mewa, 1995.Google Scholar

Nicholls, C. S. The Swahili Coast: Politics, Diplomacy and Trade on the East African Littoral, 1798–1856. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1971.Google Scholar

Niese, Richard. Das Personen- und Familienrecht der Suaheli. (Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Rechtswissenschaft). Berlin: Georg Pintus, 1902.Google Scholar

Nimtz, August H. Islam and Politics in East Africa: The Sufi Order in Tanzania. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1980.Google Scholar

Noorani, Yaseen. “Normative Notions of Public and Private in Early Islamic Culture.” In Harem Histories: Envisioning Places and Living Spaces, ed. Booth, Marilyn, 49–68. Durham: Duke University Press, 2010.CrossRef Google Scholar

Nurse, Derek, and Spear, Thomas. The Swahili: Reconstructing the History and Language of an African Society, 800–1500. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985.CrossRef Google Scholar

O'Fahey, R. S. “The Office of ‘Qadi' in Dar Fur: A Preliminary Inquiry.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 40, no. 1 (1977): 110–24.CrossRef Google Scholar

O'Fahey, R. S. “‘Small World': Neo-Sufi Interconnexions between the Maghrib, the Hijaz and Southeast Asia.” In The Transmission of Learning in Islamic Africa, ed. Reese, Scott S., 274–88. Leiden: Brill, 2004.Google Scholar

Pearce, Major F. B. Zanzibar: The Island Metropolis of Eastern Africa. London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1920.Google Scholar

Peirce, Leslie. “‘She Is Trouble…and I Will Divorce Her': Orality, Honor, and Representation in the Ottoman Court of ʿAintab.” In Women in the Medieval Islamic World: Power, Patronage, and Piety, ed. Hambly, Gavin R. G., 269–300. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Peirce, Leslie. Morality Tales: Law and Gender in the Ottoman Court of Aintab. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.CrossRef Google Scholar

Peletz, Michael G. Islamic Modern: Religious Courts and Cultural Politics in Malaysia. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Peters, Rudolph. Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law: Theory and Practice from the Sixteenth to the Twenty-first Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Peterson, Derek R. “Morality Plays: Marriage, Church Courts, and Colonial Agency in Central Tanganyika, ca.1876–1928.” American Historical Review 111, no. 4 (2006): 983–1010.CrossRef Google Scholar

Pouwels, Randall L. Horn and Crescent: Cultural Change and Traditional Islam on the East African Coast, 800–1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.CrossRef Google Scholar

Powers, David S. “Orientalism, Colonialism, and Legal History: The Attack on Muslim Family Endowments in Algeria and India.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 31, no. 3 (1989): 535–71.CrossRef Google Scholar

Powers, David S. “Kadijustiz or Qāḍī Justice? A Paternity Dispute from Fourteenth-Century Morocco.” Islamic Law and Society 1, no. 3 (1994): 332–366.Google Scholar

Prestholdt, Jeremy. “On the Global Repercussions of East African Consumerism.” American Historical Review 109, no. 3 (2004): 755–81.CrossRef Google Scholar

Prestholdt, Jeremy. Domesticating the World: African Consumerism and the Genealogies of Globalization. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Prins, A. H. J. The Swahili-Speaking Peoples of Zanzibar and the East African Coast (Arabs, Shirazi and Swahili). London: International African Institute, 1961.Google Scholar

Rapoport, Yossef. Marriage, Money and Divorce in Medieval Islamic Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.CrossRef Google Scholar

Rathbone, Richard. “Law, Lawyers and Politics in Ghana in the 1940s.” In Contesting Colonial Hegemony: State and Society in Africa and India, ed. Engels, Dagmar and Marks, Shula, 227–47. London: British Academic Press, 1994.Google Scholar

Reese, Scott S. “Tales Which Persist on the Tongue: Arabic Literacy and the Definition of Communal Boundaries in Sharīf ʿAydarūs's Bughyat al-Āmāl.” Sudanic Africa 9 (1998): 1–17.Google Scholar

Reese, Scott S., ed. The Transmission of Learning in Islamic Africa. Leiden: Brill, 2004.CrossRef Google Scholar

Reese, Scott. Renewers of the Age: Holy Men and Social Discourse in Colonial Benaadir. Leiden: Brill, 2008.CrossRef Google Scholar

Roberts, Richard. “Representation, Structure and Agency: Divorce in the French Soudan during the Early Twentieth Century.” Journal of African History 40, no. 3 (1999): 389–410.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Roberts, Richard. Litigants and Households: African Disputes and Colonial Courts in the French Soudan, 1895–1912. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2005.Google Scholar

Roberts, Simon, ed. Law and the Family in Africa. The Hague: Mouton, 1977.CrossRef Google Scholar

Rodet, Marie. “‘Le délit d'abandon de domicile conjugal' ou l'invasion du pénal colonial dans les jugements des ‘tribunaux indigènes' au Soudan français, 1900–1947.” French Colonial History 10 (2009): 151–70.CrossRef Google Scholar

Romero, Patricia W. “‘Where Have All the Slaves Gone?' Emancipation and Post-Emancipation in Lamu, Kenya.” Journal of African History 27, no. 3 (1986): 497–512.CrossRef Google Scholar

Romero, Patricia W. “Possible Sources for the Origin of Gold as an Economic and Social Vehicle for Women in Lamu.” Africa 57, no. 3 (1987): 364–76.CrossRef Google Scholar

Romero, Patricia W. “Mama Khadija: A Life History as Example of Family History.” In Life Histories of African Women, ed. Romero, Patricia W., 140–58. London: The Ashfield Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Romero, Patricia W. Lamu: History, Society, and Family in an East African Port City. Princeton: Marcus Wiener, 1997.Google Scholar

Rosen, Lawrence. The Anthropology of Justice: Law as Culture in Islamic Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.Google Scholar

Ruete, Emily. Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar. Zanzibar: The Gallery Publications, 1998.Google Scholar

Sabean, David Warren. “The History of the Family in Africa and Europe: Some Comparative Perspectives.” Journal of African History 24, no. 2 (1983): 163–71.CrossRef Google Scholar

Sachau, Eduard. “Das Gutachten eines Muhammedanischen Juristen über die Muhammedanischen Rechtsverhältnisse in Ostafrika.” Mittheilungen des Seminars für Orientalische Sprachen. Afrikanische Studien 1, no. 3 (1898): 1–8.Google Scholar

Sadgrove, Philip. “From Wādī Mīzāb to Unguja: Zanzibar's Scholarly Links.” In The Transmission of Learning in Islamic Africa, ed. Reese, Scott S., 184–211. Leiden: Brill, 2004.CrossRef Google Scholar

Salim, A. I. The Swahili-Speaking Peoples of Kenya's Coast, 1895–1965. Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1973.Google Scholar

al-Sālimī, ʿAbdallāh b. Ḥumayyid. Jawhar al-niẓām fī ʿilmī al-adyān wa-l-aḥkām. 2 vols. 11th ed. s.l.: Sulayman and Ahmad al-Salimi, 1989.Google Scholar

Schacht, Joseph. An Introduction to Islamic Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964.Google Scholar

Schacht, Joseph. “Notes on Islam in East Africa.” Studia Islamica 23 (1965): 91–136.CrossRef Google Scholar

Schmidt, Elizabeth. “Negotiated Spaces and Contested Terrain: Men, Women and the Law in Colonial Zimbabwe, 1890–1939.” Journal of Southern African Studies 16, no. 4 (1990): 622–48.CrossRef Google Scholar

Schmidt, Elizabeth. “Patriarchy, Capitalism, and the Colonial State in Zimbabwe.” Signs 16, no. 4 (1991): 732–56.CrossRef Google Scholar

Shadle, Brett L. “‘Changing Traditions to Meet Current Altering Conditions': Customary Law, African Courts and the Rejection of Codification in Kenya, 1930–60.” Journal of African History 40, no. 3 (1999): 411–31.CrossRef Google Scholar

Shadle, Brett L. “Bridewealth and Female Consent: Marriage Disputes in African Courts, Gusiiland, Kenya.” Journal of African History 44, no. 2 (2003): 241–62.CrossRef Google Scholar

Shadle, Brett L. “Girl Cases”: Marriage and Colonialism in Gusiiland, Kenya, 1890–1970. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2006.Google Scholar

Shaham, Ron. “Judicial Divorce at the Wife's Initiative: The Sharīʿa Courts of Egypt, 1920–1955.” Islamic Law and Society 1, no. 2 (1994): 217–57.Google Scholar

Shaham, Ron. “Custom, Islamic Law, and Statutory Legislation: Marriage Registration and Minimum Age at Marriage in the Egyptian Sharīʿa Courts.” Islamic Law and Society 2, no. 3 (1995): 258–81.CrossRef Google Scholar

Shaham, Ron. Family and the Courts in Modern Egypt: A Study Based on Decisions by the Sharīʿa Courts, 1900–1955. Leiden: Brill, 1997.CrossRef Google Scholar

Shereikis, Rebecca. “From Law to Custom: The Shifting Legal Status of Muslim Originaires in Kayes and Medine, 1903–13.” Journal of African History 42, no. 2 (2001): 261–83.CrossRef Google Scholar

Sheriff, Abdul. “The Slave Mode of Production Along the East African Coast, 1810–1873.” In Slaves and Slavery in Muslim Africa. Vol. II, The Servile Estate, ed. Ralph Willis, John, 161–81. London: Frank Cass, 1985.Google Scholar

Sheriff, Abdul. Slaves, Spices and Ivory in Zanzibar: Integration of an East African Commercial Empire into the World Economy, 1770–1873. London: James Currey, 1987.CrossRef Google Scholar

Sheriff, Abdul, and Tominaga, Chizuko. “The Ambiguity of Shirazi Identity in the History & Politics of Zanzibar.” Christianity and Culture 24 (1990): 1–37.Google Scholar

Siddiqui, Mona. “Law and the Desire for Social Control: An Insight into the Hanafi Concept of Kafāʾa with Reference to the Fatawa ʿAlamgiri (1664–1672).” In Feminism and Islam: Legal and Literary Perspectives, ed. Yamani, Mai, 49–68. Reading, UK: Ithaca Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Sonbol, Amina El Azhary. Introduction to Women, the Family, and Divorce Laws in Islamic History, ed. Sonbol, Amina El Azhary, 1–20. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Stiles, Erin E. “Buying a Divorce in Zanzibar.”ISIM Newsletter 10 (2002): 33.Google Scholar

Stiles, Erin E. “When Is a Divorce a Divorce? Determining Intention in Zanzibar's Islamic Courts.” Ethnology 42, no. 4 (2003): 273–88.CrossRef Google Scholar

Stiles, Erin E. “‘There Is No Stranger to Marriage Here!': Muslim Women and Divorce in Rural Zanzibar.” Africa 75, no. 4 (2005): 582–98.CrossRef Google Scholar

Stiles, Erin E. An Islamic Court in Context: An Ethnographic Study of Judicial Reasoning. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.CrossRef Google Scholar

Stockreiter, Elke E. “‘British kadhis' and ‘Muslim judges': Modernisation, Inconsistencies and Accommodation in Zanzibar's Colonial Judiciary.” Journal of Eastern African Studies 4, no. 3 (2010): 560–76.CrossRef Google Scholar

Stockreiter, Elke E. “Child Marriage and Domestic Violence: Islamic and Colonial Discourses on Gender Relations and Female Status in Zanzibar, 1900–1950s.” In Domestic Violence and the Law in Colonial and Postcolonial Africa, ed. Burrill, Emily, Roberts, Richard, and Thornberry, Elizabeth, 138–58. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2010.Google Scholar

Stockreiter, Elke E. “Materialism, Contention, and Rebellion: The Changing Demands on Marriage in Colonial Zanzibar.” In Domestic Tensions, National Anxieties: Global Perspectives on Modern Marriage Crises, ed. Kristin Celello and Hanan Kholoussy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, forthcoming.Google Scholar

Stoler, Ann Laura. Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power: Race and the Intimate in Colonial Rule. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Stoler, Ann Laura. Along the Archival Grain: Epistemic Anxieties and Colonial Common Sense. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.Google Scholar

Strobel, Margaret. Muslim Women in Mombasa, 1890–1975. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979.Google Scholar

Swartz, Marc J. “Religious Courts, Community and Ethnicity among the Swahili of Mombasa: An Historical Study of Social Boundaries.” Africa 49, no. 1 (1979): 29–40.CrossRef Google Scholar

Swartz, Marc J. The Way the World Is: Cultural Processes and Social Relations among the Mombasa Swahili. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.CrossRef Google Scholar

Tanner, R. E. S. “The Relationships between the Sexes in a Coastal Islamic Society: Pangani District, Tanganyika.” African Studies 21, no. 2 (1962): 70–82.CrossRef Google Scholar

Tanner, R. E. S. “Cousin Marriage in the Afro-Arab Community of Mombasa, Kenya.” Africa 34, no. 2 (1964): 127–38.CrossRef Google Scholar

Thomas, Lynn M. Politics of the Womb: Women: Reproduction, and the State in Kenya. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.CrossRef Google Scholar

Trimingham, J. Spencer. Islam in East Africa. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964.Google Scholar

Tucker, Judith E. Women in Nineteenth-Century Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.CrossRef Google Scholar

Tucker, Judith E. “Ties That Bound: Women and Family in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Nablus.” In Women in Middle Eastern History: Shifting Boundaries in Sex and Gender, ed. Keddie, Nikki R. and Baron, Beth, 233–53. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991.Google Scholar

Tucker, Judith E. In the House of the Law: Gender and Islamic Law in Ottoman Syria and Palestine. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.CrossRef Google Scholar

Tucker, Judith E. Women, Family, and Gender in Islamic Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.CrossRef Google Scholar

Vaughan, J. H. The Dual Jurisdiction in Zanzibar. Zanzibar: Government Printer, 1935.Google Scholar

Velten, C. “Sitten und Gebräuche der Suaheli.” Mittheilungen des Seminars für Orientalische Sprachen. Afrikanische Studien 1, no. 3 (1898): 9–85.Google Scholar

Vianello, Alessandra, and Kassim, Mohamed M., eds. Servants of the Sharia: The Civil Register of the Qadis' Court of Brava, 1893– 1900. 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 2006.Google Scholar

Vikør, Knut. Between God and the Sultan: A History of Islamic Law. London: Hurst, 2005.Google Scholar

Welchman, Lynn. Beyond the Code: Muslim Family Law and the Shariʿa Judiciary in the Palestinian West Bank. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2000.CrossRef Google Scholar

Welchman, Lynn. “Family, Gender, and Law in Jordan and Palestine.” In Family, Gender, and Law in a Globalizing Middle East and South Asia, ed. Cuno, Kenneth M. and Desai, Manisha 126–44. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2009.Google Scholar

Werner, Alice. “The Utendi of Mwana Kupona.” Harvard African Studies 1 (1917): 147–81.Google Scholar

White, Luise. The Comforts of Home: Prostitution in Colonial Nairobi. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.CrossRef Google Scholar

Wilkinson, John C. The Imamate Tradition of Oman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.Google Scholar

Willis, Justin. Mombasa, the Swahili, and the Making of the Mijikenda. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.CrossRef Google Scholar

Yazbak, Mahmoud. “Minor Marriages and khiyār al-bulūgh in Ottoman Palestine: A Note on Women's Strategies in a Patriarchal Society.” Islamic Law and Society 9, no. 3 (2002): 386–409.CrossRef Google Scholar

Zaman, Muhammad Qasim. The Ulama in Contemporary Islam: Custodians of Change. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Zarinebaf-Shahr, Fariba. “Women and the Public Eye in Eighteenth-Century Istanbul.” In Women in the Medieval Islamic World: Power, Patronage, and Piety, ed. Hambly, Gavin R. G., 301–24. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Ze'evi, Dror. “The Use of Ottoman Shariʿa Court Records as a Source for Middle Eastern Social History: A Reappraisal.” Islamic Law and Society 5, no. 1 (1998): 35–56.CrossRef Google Scholar