Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- PART I INTRODUCTION TO THE SURVEY
- PART II THE IDENTIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF COGNITIVE ABILITIES
- Chapter 5 Abilities in the Domain of Language
- Chapter 6 Abilities in the Domain of Reasoning
- Chapter 7 Abilities in the Domain of Memory and Learning
- Chapter 8 Abilities in the Domain of Visual Perception
- Chapter 9 Abilities in the Domain of Auditory Reception
- Chapter 10 Abilities in the Domain of Idea Production
- Chapter 11 Abilities in the Domain of Cognitive Speed
- Chapter 12 Abilities in the Domain of Knowledge and Achievement
- Chapter 13 Psychomotor Abilities
- Chapter 14 Miscellaneous Domains of Ability and Personal Characteristics
- Chapter 15 Higher-Order Factors of Cognitive Ability
- PART III ISSUES
- References and List of Datasets
- Appendix A Codes for Countries, Samples, and Factors
- Appendix B Hierarchical Factor Matrix Files
- Name Index
- Subject Index
Chapter 6 - Abilities in the Domain of Reasoning
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 September 2009
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- PART I INTRODUCTION TO THE SURVEY
- PART II THE IDENTIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF COGNITIVE ABILITIES
- Chapter 5 Abilities in the Domain of Language
- Chapter 6 Abilities in the Domain of Reasoning
- Chapter 7 Abilities in the Domain of Memory and Learning
- Chapter 8 Abilities in the Domain of Visual Perception
- Chapter 9 Abilities in the Domain of Auditory Reception
- Chapter 10 Abilities in the Domain of Idea Production
- Chapter 11 Abilities in the Domain of Cognitive Speed
- Chapter 12 Abilities in the Domain of Knowledge and Achievement
- Chapter 13 Psychomotor Abilities
- Chapter 14 Miscellaneous Domains of Ability and Personal Characteristics
- Chapter 15 Higher-Order Factors of Cognitive Ability
- PART III ISSUES
- References and List of Datasets
- Appendix A Codes for Countries, Samples, and Factors
- Appendix B Hierarchical Factor Matrix Files
- Name Index
- Subject Index
Summary
Induction and deduction are not necessarily different intellectual processes. They are distinguished as problems rather than processes. A deductive problem calls for discovering the implications of certain given statements. What is given in an inductive problem consists of specimens, and the result to be attained is a definition, or at least a working knowledge, of the class represented by the given specimens. The process might be about the same in solving both sorts of problem; more probably, it will show much variation in both cases.
Robert S. Woodworth (1938)Reasoning abilities are traditionally considered to be at or near the core of what is ordinarily meant by intelligence. Binet (1890, p. 582) offered the opinion that intelligence could be defined at least in part as the ability to “think about” materials drawn from the perception of the external world, and the Binet scale (Binet & Simon, 1905) included numerous tasks that relied in some way on the ability to reason with either verbal or nonverbal materials. In the famous symposium on intelligence organized by E. L. Thorndike (1921), Terman (p. 128) described intelligence as “the ability to carry on abstract thinking.”
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- Human Cognitive AbilitiesA Survey of Factor-Analytic Studies, pp. 196 - 247Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1993