Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-04T09:35:49.414Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Section 1 - Humanitarian Emergencies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2018

David Townes
Affiliation:
University of Washington, Seattle
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Health in Humanitarian Emergencies
Principles and Practice for Public Health and Healthcare Practitioners
, pp. 1 - 78
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Abdallah, S. and Burnham, G. (2000). Public health guide for emergencies, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health: Baltimore, MD.Google Scholar
Ahlström, C. and Nordquist, K. -Å. (1991). Casualties of conflict: Report for the world campaign for the protection of victims of war, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University: Uppsala, Sweden.Google Scholar
Anon. (1991). Public health consequences of acute displacement of Iraqi citizens—March-May 1991. JAMA, 266, 633634.Google Scholar
Anon. (1995). Public health impact of Rwandan refugee crisis: What happened in Goma, Zaire, in July, 1994? Goma Epidemiology Group. Lancet, 345, 339344.Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Notes from the field: mortality among refugees fleeing Somalia–Dadaab refugee camps, Kenya, July-August 2011. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality weekly report, 60, 1133.Google Scholar
Duffield, M. (1994). Complex emergencies and the crisis of developmentalism. IDS bulletin, 25.Google Scholar
Guha-Sapir, D., et al. (2015). EM-DAT: International disaster database. Catholic University of Louvain: Brussels. Retrieved from www.emdat.be (Accessed November 27, 2016).Google Scholar
IASC Task Team on the Cluster Approach. (2007). Operational guidance on designating sector/cluster leads in major new emergencies. Available at: www2.wpro.who.int/internet/files/eha/toolkit/web/Technical%20References/Cluster%20Approach/IASC%20Operational%20Guidance%20in%20Ongoing%20Emergencies.pdf (Accessed November 27, 2016).Google Scholar
Meddings, D. R. (2001). Civilians and war: A review and historical overview of the involvement of non‐combatant populations in conflict situations. Medicine, Conflict and Survival, 17, 616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). (1999). OCHA orientation handbook on complex emergencies, OCHA. Available at: http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OCHA%C2%A0ORIENTATION%20HANDBOOK.pdf (Accessed July 12, 2017).Google Scholar
Pettersson, T. and Wallensteen, P. (2015). Armed conflicts, 1946–2014. Journal of Peace Research, 52, 536550.Google Scholar
Spiegel, P. B. et al. (2007). Occurrence and overlap of natural disasters, complex emergencies and epidemics during the past decade (1995–2004). Conflict and Health, 1, 2.Google Scholar
United Nations Disaster Relief Organization (UNDRO). (1992). An overview of disaster management. 2nd edition. UNDP and UNDRO.Google Scholar
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). (2016). Global trends: Forced displacement in 2015, UNHCR. Available at: www.unhcr.org/en-us/statistics/unhcrstats/576408cd7/unhcr-global-trends-2015.html (Accessed July 12, 2017).Google Scholar
United Nations Offices for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR). (2009) UNISDR terminology on disaster risk reduction. UNISDR: Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar

References

Anon. (1992). Famine-affected, refugee, and displaced populations: recommendations for public health issues. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report: Recommendations and reports, 41, 176.Google Scholar
Barnett, M. N. and Farré, S. (2011). Empire of humanity: A history of humanitarianism. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Black, M. (1992). A cause for our times. Oxford: Oxfam and Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Brauman, R. (2017) War and humanitarian aid. Available at: www.msf-crash.org/drive/6722-rb-2017-war-and-humanitarian-aid-puf.pdf (Accessed on July 16, 2017).Google Scholar
Buchanan-Smith, M. (2015). How the Sphere Project came into being: a case study of policy making in the humanitarian-aid sector and the relative influence of research. Available at: www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/176.pdf (Accessed on July 16, 2017).Google Scholar
Burkholder, B. T. and Toole, M. J. (1995). Evolution of complex disasters. The Lancet, 346, 10121015.Google Scholar
Calhoun, C. (2008). The imperative to reduce suffering: Charity, progress, and emergencies in the field of humanitarian action, in Barnett, M. N. and Weiss, T. G., eds., Humanitarianism in Question. Cornell University Press, pp. 7397.Google Scholar
Davey, E., Borton, J., and Foley, M. (2013). A history of the humanitarian system: Western origins and foundations. Overseas Development Institute; London.Google Scholar
De Waal, A. (1991). Evil days: 30 years of war and famine in Ethiopia. New York: Human Rights Watch.Google Scholar
Duffield, M. (1994). Complex emergencies and the crisis of developmentalism. IDS Bulletin, 25, 115.Google Scholar
Dunant, H. (1959). A memory of Solferino. Geneva: American Red Cross.Google Scholar
High Level Panel on Humanitarian Financing. (2016). Too important to fail – addressing the humanitarian financing gap. [online] Available at: www.un.org/news/WEB-1521765-E-OCHA-Report-on-Humanitarian-Financing.pdf (Accessed on July 16, 2017).Google Scholar
Hilhorst, D. (2002). Being good at doing good? Quality and accountability of humanitarian NGOs. Disasters, 26, 193212.Google Scholar
IASC Task Team on the Cluster Approach. (2016a). Action Plan for Implementing Humanitarian Reform. Available at: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/legacy_files/Humanitarian%20Reform%2C%20Action%20Plan%2C%20Principals%2C%2020051212–25.pdf (Accessed on October 31, 2016).Google Scholar
IASC Task Team on the Cluster Approach. (2016b). Key Messages: The IASC Transformative Agenda. Available at: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/legacy_files/KM%20and%20FAQ%20on%20Transformative%20Agenda%20final.docx (Accessed on October 15, 2016).Google Scholar
IASC Task Team on the Cluster Approach. (2016c). The Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC). Available at: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/iasc_2-pager_v2015-06–18.pdf (Accessed October 15, 2016).Google Scholar
IASC Task Team on the Cluster Approach. (2016d). World Humanitarian Summit. Available at: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/legacy_files/At%20a%20Glance%20EN.pdf (Accessed on October 15, 2016).Google Scholar
IFRC. (2016). The Seven Fundamental Principles (online). Available at: www.ifrc.org/who-we-are/vision-and-mission/the-seven-fundamental-principles/ (Accessed on October 10, 2016).Google Scholar
IFRC and ICRC. (1994). Code of conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in disaster relief. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent; Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Mackintosh, K. (2000). The principles of humanitarian action in international humanitarian law. Study 4 in: The politics of principle: The principles of humanitarian action in practice. Overseas Development Institute; London.Google Scholar
Morgenstern, S. (1979). Henri Dunant and the Red Cross. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 55(10), 949956.Google ScholarPubMed
Noji, E. K. and Toole, M. J. (1997). The historical development of public health responses to disasters. Disasters, 21(4), 366376.Google Scholar
OCHA. (2016). OCHA on Message: Humanitarian Principles (online). Available at: https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Documents/OOM-humanitarianprinciples_eng_June12.pdf (Accessed on October 10, 2016).Google Scholar
OHCHR. (2016). Fact Sheet No.20, Human Rights and Refugees (online). Available at: www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/FactSheet20en.pdf (Accessed on October 27, 2016).Google Scholar
Palmieri, D. (2012). An institution standing the test of time? A review of 150 years of the history of the International Committee of the Red Cross. International Review of the Red Cross, 94(888), 12731298.Google Scholar
Rysaback-Smith, H. (2015). History and principles of humanitarian action. Turkish journal of emergency medicine, 15(Suppl 1), 57.Google ScholarPubMed
Sen, A. (1982). Poverty and famines: An essay on entitlement and deprivation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Smillie, I. (1995). The alms bazaar: Altruism under fire: Non-profit organizations and international development. Ottawa: IDRC (International Development Research Centre).Google Scholar
Steering Committee for Humanitarian Response. (2011). The Sphere Project: Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian Response, Bourton on Dunsmore, UK: Sphere Project.Google Scholar
Toole, M. J. (1995). Mass population displacement. A global public health challenge. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 9(2), 353366.Google Scholar
Toole, M. J. (2000). Refugees and Migrants, in Whitman, J., ed., Poverty, Development, Population Movements and Health. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 110129.Google Scholar
Toole, M. J., Steketee, R. W., Waldman, R. J., and Nieburg, P. (1989). Measles prevention and control in emergency settings. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 67(4), 381388.Google Scholar
Toole, M. J. and Waldman, R. J. (1993). Refugees and displaced persons: War, hunger, and public health. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 270(5), 600605.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. (2016). Chair’s Summary: Standing Up for Humanity: Committing to Action (online). Available at: https://consultations.worldhumanitariansummit.org/bitcache/5171492e71696bcf9d4c571c93dfc6dcd7f361ee?vid=581078&disposition=inline&op=view (Accessed on October 15, 2016).Google Scholar
Walker, P. and Maxwell, D. G. (2014). Shaping the humanitarian world. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Weiss, T. G. (2005). Military-civilian interactions: Humanitarian crises and the responsibility to protect. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar

References

Babcock, C., Theodosis, C., Bills, C., Kim, J., Kinet, M., Turner, M., Millis, M., Olopade, O., and Olopade, C. (2012). The academic health center in complex humanitarian emergencies: Lessons learned from the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Acad Med, 87:16091615.Google Scholar
Benjamin, E., Bassily-Marcu, A. M., Babu, E., Silver, L., and Marin, M. (2011). Principles and Practices of Disaster Relief: Lessons from Haiti. Mt Sinai J Med, 78:306318.Google Scholar
Brennan, R. J. and Nandy, R. (2001). Complex humanitarian emergencies: A major global health challenge. Emergency Medicine, 13:2, 147156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burkle, F. M. (2006). Complex humanitarian emergencies: A review of epidemiological and response models. J Postgrad Med, 52:2, 110115.Google Scholar
Burkle, F. M. (1995a). Complex humanitarian emergencies I: Concept and participants. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 10:1, 3642.Google Scholar
Burkle, F. M. (1995b). Complex humanitarian emergencies II: Medical liaison and training. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 10:1, 4347.Google Scholar
Burkle, F. M., McGrady, K. A. W., Newett, S., Nelson, J. J., Dworken, J. T., Lyerly, W. H., Natsios, A. S., and Lillibridge, S. R. (1995). Complex humanitarian emergencies III: Measures of effectiveness. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 10:1, 4856.Google Scholar
Demaio, A., Jamieson, J., Horn, R., de Courten, M., and Tellier, S. (2013). Non-communicable diseases in emergencies: A call to action. PLOS Currents – Disasters.Google Scholar
Enhancing Learning and Research for Humanitarian Assistance (ELRHA). Improving humanitarian outcomes through partnership, research, and innovation. Available at: www.elrha.org/about/our-work/. Accessed March 1, 2017.Google Scholar
Humphries, V. (2013). Improving humanitarian coordination: Common challenges and lessons learned from the cluster approach. The Journal of Humanitarian Assistance. Available at: https://sites.tufts.edu/jha/archives/1976. (Accessed March 10, 2017).Google Scholar
Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC). (2011a). Operational guidance for cluster lead agencies on working with national authorities. Available at: www.humanitarianresponse.info/system/files/documents/files/IASC%20Guidance%20on%20Working%20with%20National%20Authorities_July2011.pdf. (Accessed March 10, 2017).Google Scholar
Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC). (2011b). Global health cluster – Civil-military coordination during humanitarian health action. Provisional version. Available at: www.who.int/hac/global_health_cluster/about/policy_strategy/ghc_position_paper_civil_military_coord_2_feb2011.pdf (Accessed December 15, 2015).Google Scholar
Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC). (2015). Reference module for cluster coordination at the country level. Available at: www.who.int/health-cluster/about/cluster-system/cluster-coordination-reference-module-2015.pdf (Accessed March 13, 2017).Google Scholar
Lautze, S., Leaning, J., Raven-Roberts, A., Kent, R., and Mazurana, D. (2004). Assistance, protection, and governance networks in complex emergencies. Lancet, 364:21342141.Google Scholar
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF). (1997). Refugee health: An approach to emergency situations, London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Metcalfe, V., Haysom, S., and Gordon, S. (2012). Trends and challenges in humanitarian civil–military coordination: A review of the literature. Humanitarian Policy Group. Available at: www.odi.org/publications/6584-civilian-military-humanitarian-response (Accessed November 11, 2015).Google Scholar
Morgan, O., Tidball-Binz, M., and van Alphen, D., eds. (2009). Management of dead bodies after disasters: a field manual for first responders. Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization (PAHO).Google Scholar
Noji, E. K. and Toole, M. J. (1997). The historical development of public health response to disasters. Disasters, 21:4, 366376.Google Scholar
The Sphere Project. (2014). Available at: www.spherehandbook.org. (Accessed March 1, 2017).Google Scholar
Toole, M. J. and Waldman, R. J. (1997). The public health aspects of complex humanitarian emergencies and refugee situations. Annu Rev Public Health, 18:283312.Google Scholar
United Nations High Commissioner for Referees (UNHCR). Urban refugees. Available at: www.unhcr.org/en-us/urban-refugees.html (Accessed March 13, 2017).Google Scholar
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR). Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA). Available at: www.unisdr.org/we/coordinate/hfa (Accessed December 10, 2015).Google Scholar
United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR). (2012). The state of the world’s refugees – In search of solidarity. Available at: www.unhcr.org/4fc5ceca9.pdf (Accessed October 25, 2016).Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO). (2007). Humanitarian health action: The cluster approach, Annex 7. Available at: ww.who.int/hac/techguidance/tools/manuals/who_field_handbook/annex_7/en/. (Accessed March 3, 2017).Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO). (2016). Emergency Medical Teams-World Health Organization EMT Initiative. Available at: www.who.int/hac/techguidance/preparedness/emergency_medical_teams/en/. (Accessed March 10, 2017).Google Scholar

References

Alderman, K., Turner, L. R., and Tong, S. (2012). Floods and human health: A systematic review. Environ Int, 47, 3747.Google Scholar
Barzilay, E. J., Schaad, N., Magloire, R., Mung, K. S., Boncy, J., Dahourou, G. A., Mintz, E. D., Steenland, M. W., Vertefeuille, J. F., and Tappero, J. W. (2013). Cholera surveillance during the Haiti epidemic–the first 2 years. N Engl J Med, 368(7), 599609.Google Scholar
Brennan, R. J. and Nandy, R. (2001a). Complex humanitarian emergencies: A major global health challenge. Emerg Med (Fremantle), 13(2), 147156.Google Scholar
Brennan, R. J. and Nandy, R. (2001). Complex humanitarian emergencies: A major global health challenge. Emerg Med, 13(2), 147156.Google Scholar
Burkle, F. M. (2006). Complex humanitarian emergencies: A review of epidemiological and response models. J Postgrad Med, 52(2), 110115.Google Scholar
Cairns, K. L., Woodruff, B. A., Myatt, M., Bartlett, L., Goldberg, H., and Roberts, L. (2009). Cross-sectional survey methods to assess retrospectively mortality in humanitarian emergencies. Disasters, 33(4), 503521.Google Scholar
CDC. (2006). Assessment of health-related needs after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita–Orleans and Jefferson Parishes, New Orleans area, Louisiana, October 17–22, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 55(2), 3841.Google Scholar
CDC. (2010). Rapid establishment of an internally displaced persons disease surveillance system after an earthquake – Haiti, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 59(30), 939–45.Google Scholar
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. (2013). People affected by conflict: humanitarian needs in number.Google Scholar
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. (2014a). Available at: www.cred.be/ (Accessed July 20, 2014).Google Scholar
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. (2014b). Complex Emergency Database, Available at: http://cedat.be/ (Accessed July 24, 2014).Google Scholar
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. (2014c). Emergency Events Database, Available at: www.emdat.be/ (Accessed July 18, 2014).Google Scholar
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. (2014d). Natural disasters in 2013. CRED Crunch, (35), Available at: http://cred.be/sites/default/files/CredCrunch35.pdf (Accessed July 18, 2014).Google Scholar
Cerda, M., Paczkowski, M., Galea, S., Nemethy, K., Pean, C., and Desvarieux, M. (2013). Psychopathology in the aftermath of the Haiti earthquake: A population-based study of posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression. Depress Anxiety, 30(5), 413–424.Google Scholar
Checchi, F. (2010). Estimating the number of civilian deaths from armed conflicts. Lancet, 375(9711), 255257.Google Scholar
Checchi, F. and Roberts, L. (2005). Interpreting and using mortality data in humanitarian emergencies. Humanitarian Practice Network, 52.Google Scholar
Coghlan, B., Brennan, R. J., Ngoy, P., Dofara, D., Otto, B., Clements, M., and Stewart, T. (2006). Mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A nationwide survey. Lancet, 367(9504), 4451.Google Scholar
Degomme, O. and Guha-Sapir, D. (2010). Patterns of mortality rates in Darfur conflict. Lancet, 375(9711), 294300.Google Scholar
Demaio, A., Jamieson, J., Horn, R., de Courten, M., and Tellier, S. (2013). Non-communicable diseases in emergencies: a call to action. PLoS Curr, 5.Google Scholar
Depoortere, E., Checchi, F., Broillet, F., Gerstl, S., Minetti, A., Gayraud, O., Briet, V., Pahl, J., Defourny, I., Tatay, M., and Brown, V. (2004). Violence and mortality in West Darfur, Sudan (2003–04): Epidemiological evidence from four surveys. Lancet, 364(9442), 13151320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diaz, J. H. (2004). The public health impact of hurricanes and major flooding. J La State Med Soc, 156(3), 145150.Google Scholar
Doocy, S., Cherewick, M., and Kirsch, T. (2013a). Mortality following the Haitian earthquake of 2010: a stratified cluster survey. Popul Health Metr, 11(1), 5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doocy, S., Daniels, A., Packer, C., Dick, A., and Kirsch, T. D. (2013b). The human impact of earthquakes: a historical review of events 1980–2009 and systematic literature review. PLoS Curr, 5.Google Scholar
Garfield, R. M., Polonsky, J., and Burkle, F. M. Jr. (2012). Changes in size of populations and level of conflict since World War II: implications for health and health services. Disaster Med Public Health Prep, 6(3), 241246.Google Scholar
Guha-Sapir, D. and D’Aoust, O. (2011). Demographic and Health Consequences of Civil Conflict. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Guha-Sapir, D. and Dubus, B. (2013). Epidemiology of natural disasters and civil conflicts.Google Scholar
Guha-Sapir, D., van Panhuis, W. G., and Lagoutte, J. (2007). Short communication: patterns of chronic and acute diseases after natural disasters – a study from the International Committee of the Red Cross field hospital in Banda Aceh after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Trop Med Int Health, 12(11), 13381341.Google Scholar
The Internal Displacement Monitoring Center. (2014). Database. Available at: www.internal-displacement.org/global-figures#conflict (Accessed July 20, 2014).Google Scholar
Leaning, J. and Guha-Sapir, D. (2013). Natural disasters, armed conflict, and public health. N Engl J Med, 369(19), 18361842.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahamud, A., Burton, A., Hassan, M., Ahmed, J. A., Wagacha, J. B., Spiegel, P., Haskew, C., Eidex, R. B., Shetty, S., Cookson, S., Navarro-Colorado, C., and Goodson, J. L. (2013). Risk factors for measles mortality among hospitalized Somali refugees displaced by famine, Kenya, 2011. Clin Infect Dis, 57(8), e160–e166.Google Scholar
McDonnell, S. M., Bolton, P., Sunderland, N., Bellows, B., White, M., and Noji, E. (2004). The role of the applied epidemiologist in armed conflict. Emerg Themes Epidemiol, 1(1), 4.Google Scholar
Paquet, C. and van Soest, M. (1994). Mortality and malnutrition among Rwandan refugees in Zaire. Lancet, 344(8925), 823824.Google Scholar
Polonsky, J., Luquero, F., Francois, G., Rousseau, C., Caleo, G., Ciglenecki, I., Delacre, C., Siddiqui, M. R., Terzian, M., Verhenne, L., Porten, K., and Checchi, F. (2013). Public health surveillance after the 2010 Haiti earthquake: The experience of Medecins Sans Frontieres. PLoS Curr, 5.Google Scholar
Prudhon, C. and Spiegel, P. B. (2007). A review of methodology and analysis of nutrition and mortality surveys conducted in humanitarian emergencies from October 1993 to April 2004. Emerg Themes Epidemiol, 4, 10.Google Scholar
ReliefWeb. (2014). Available at: http://reliefweb.int/ (Accessed July 20, 2014).Google Scholar
Sullivent, E. E., 3rd, West, C. A., Noe, R. S., Thomas, K. E., Wallace, L. J., and Leeb, R. T. (2006). Nonfatal injuries following Hurricane Katrina–New Orleans, Louisiana, 2005. J Safety Res, 37(2), 213217.Google Scholar
The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. (2008). The Johns Hopkins and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Public Health Guide for Emergencies, Available at: http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNACU086.pdf (Accessed July 7, 2017).Google Scholar
The Sphere Project. (2011). The Sphere Project: Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response, Available at: www.sphereproject.org/ (Accessed July 19, 2014).Google Scholar
Toole, M. J. and Waldman, R. J. (1997). The public health aspects of complex emergencies and refugee situations. Annu Rev Public Health, 18, 283312.Google Scholar
UNHCR. (2007). Handbook for the protection of internally displaced persons, Available at: www.unhcr.org/4c2355229.html (Accessed July 7,2017).Google Scholar
UNHCR. (2010). Convention and protocol relating to the status of refugees, Available: www.unhcr.org/3b66c2aa10.html (Accessed July 19, 2014).Google Scholar
UNHCR. (2014). Available at: www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home (Accessed July 20, 2014).Google Scholar
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. (2011). Haiti, one year later, Available at: www.unocha.org/country/issues-in-depth/haiti-one-year-later (Accessed July 7, 2017).Google Scholar
World Health Organization. (2010). Early warning surveillance and response in emergencies: WHO technical workshop, December 2009. Wkly Epidemiol Rec, 85(14/15), 129136.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. (2014). African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control: progress report, 2013–2014. Wkly Epidemiol Rec, 89(49), 551560.Google Scholar

References

Beauchamp, T., Bowie, N., and Arnold, D. (2011). Mythinkinglab – Standalone Access Card – For Ethical Theory and Business. Available at: www.amazon.ca/Mythinkinglab-Standalone-Access-Ethical-Business/dp/020524713X (Accessed on April 15, 2015).Google Scholar
Bengo, J., Masiye, F., and Muula, A. (2008). Ethical challenges in conducting research in humanitarian crisis situations. Malawi Medical Journal June 20(2): 4649. Available at: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3345669. (Accessed on March 31, 2015).Google Scholar
Berry, K. and Reddy, S. (2010). Safety with dignity: Integrating community-based protection into humanitarian programming. Humanitarian Practice Network. Network Paper Number 68.Google Scholar
Black, R. (2003). Ethical codes in humanitarian emergencies: From practice to research? Disasters 27(2), 95108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Distinguishing public health research and public health Nonresearch. Available at:www.cdc.gov/od/science/integrity/docs/cdc-policy-distinguishing-public-health-research-nonresearch.pdf (Accessed on June 13, 2014).Google Scholar
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). (2009). 46.102, Title 45, Public Welfare Department of Health and Human Services, Part 46, Protection of Human Subjects. Available at: www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/45cfr46.html#46.102 (Accessed on April 17, 2015).Google Scholar
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). (2015). Title 21. US Department of Health and Human Services. Available at: www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=56 (Accessed on March 18, 2015).Google Scholar
Consultation on Applied Health Research Priorities in Complex Emergencies. (1997). Available at: www.alnap.org/resource/2643 (Accessed on March 1, 2015).Google Scholar
Council for International Organization in Medical Science. (2008). Ethics and epidemiology: International guidelines. Available at: www.ufrgs.br/bioetica/cioms2008.pdf (Accessed on March 1, 2015).Google Scholar
Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS). 2002. International ethical guidelines for biomedical research involving human subjects. Available at: www.cioms.ch/publications/layout_guide2002.pdf (Accessed on May 30, 2014).Google Scholar
Department of Health and Human Services. (1979). The Belmont Report: Ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research. The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. Available at: www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidelines/belmont.html (Accessed on May 23, 2014).Google Scholar
Department of Health and Human Services. (1979, 1991, 2009). Code of Federal Regulations (45CFR46). Available at www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidelines/45cfr46.html#46.102 (Accessed on May 30, 2014).Google Scholar
Emergency Nurses Association: Code of Ethics for Emergency Nurses. (2004). Available at: www.emergency.net/ethics.htm (Accessed on June 20, 2014).Google Scholar
Ford, N., Mills, E.J., Zachariah, R., and Upshur, R. (2009). Ethics of conducting research in conflict settings. Conflict and Health, 3 (7). Available at: http://conflictandhealth.com/content/3/1/7 (Accessed on June 13, 2014).Google Scholar
Giffin, G. (2001). Bioethics Research: Universal Ethics – A Foundation for Global DialogueGoogle Scholar
Hodge, J. G. and Gostin, L. O. (2004) Public health practice vs. research: A report for public health practitioners including cases and guidelines for making distinctions. Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Available at: www.vdh.virginia.gov/OFHS/policy/documents/2012/irb/pdf/Public%20Health%20Practice%20versus%20Research.pdf (Accessed on June 13, 2014).Google Scholar
Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response sphere project. (2011). Available at: www.sphereproject.org/handbook (Accessed on March 2, 2015).Google Scholar
Humanitarian Principles. (1965). The fundamental principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, proclaimed in Vienna in 1965 by the 20th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Available at: United Nations resolution 46/182: www.un.org/documents/ga/res/46/a46r182.htm (Accessed on March 15, 2015)Google Scholar
Hunt, M., Sinding, C., and Schwartz, L. (2012). Tragic choices in humanitarian health work. Journal of Clinical Ethics 23. (4), 333–44.Google Scholar
International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Society (IFRC). (2015). Promoting the Fundamental Principles and Humanitarian Values. Available at: www.ifrc.org/en/who-we-are/vision-and-mission/principles-and-values (Accessed on March 1, 2015).Google Scholar
Jennings, B. and Arras, J. (2008). Ethical guidance for public health emergency preparedness and response: Highlighting Ethics and values in a vital public health service. Available at: www.cdc.gov/od/science/integrity/phethics/docs/White_Paper_Final_for_Website_2012_4_6_12_final_for_web_508_compliant.pdf (Accessed on May 22, 2014).Google Scholar
Lee, L. (2012). Public health ethics theory: Review and path to convergence. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1748-720X.2012.00648.x/abstract. (Accessed on January 10, 2015).Google Scholar
MacQueen, K. M. and Buehler, J. W. (2004). Ethics, practice, and research in public health. American Journal of Public Health 94 (6), 928931.Google Scholar
National Research Council (NRC). (2002). Research ethics in complex humanitarian emergencies. Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. 2001. Available at: www.bioethics.org.au/Resources/Online%20Articles/Opinion%20Pieces/1302%20Universal%20ethics%20a%20foundation%20for%20global%20dialogue.pdf (Accessed on February 19, 2015).Google Scholar
Schopper, D., Upshur, R., Matthys, A., et al. (2009). Research ethics review in humanitarian contexts: The experiences of the independent ethics review board of medecins sans frontieres. PLoS Med 6(7): e1000115 Available at: http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000115 (Accessed on March 3, 2015).Google Scholar
Schwartz, L., Hunt, M., Sinding, C., et al. (2012). Models for humanitarian health care ethics. Public Health Ethics, 5 (1), 8190.Google Scholar
The Belmont Report. (1979). Available at: www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/belmont.html. (Accessed on March 1, 2015).Google Scholar
The code of conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief. (1995). Available at: www.ifrc.org/Docs/idrl/I259EN.pdf (Accessed on March 1, 2015).Google Scholar
The Sphere Project. (2014). Available at: www.spherehandbook.org. (Accessed March 1, 2017).Google Scholar
Thieren, M., and Mauron, A. (2007). Nuremberg code turns 60. Bulletin of the WHO 85 (8):569–648 Available at: www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/85/8/07–045443/en (Accessed on April 17, 2015).Google Scholar
United Nations. (2004). guiding principles on internal displacement. Available at www.unhcr.org/43ce1cff2.html (Accessed on May 22, 2014).Google Scholar
United Nations Children’s Fund. (2006). State of the world’s children. Available at: www.unicef.org/infobycountry/afghanistan_statistics.html (Accessed on March 31, 2015)Google Scholar
United Nations Convention on Refugees. (1951). Available at: www.unhcr.org/pages/49da0e466.html (Accessed on March 2, 2015).Google Scholar
Viswanathan, K., Becker, S., Hansen, P. M., et al. (2010). Infant and under-five mortality in Afghanistan: current estimates and limitations. Available at: www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/8/09–068957/en (Accessed on March 31, 2015).Google Scholar
Williams, H. A. and Bloland, P. B. (2001). A practical discussion of applied public health research in the context of complex emergencies: Examples from malaria control in refugee camps. National Association for the Practice of Anthropology Bulletin. 21(1), 7088. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/napa.2001.21.1.70/pdf (Accessed on January 5, 2015)Google Scholar
Williams, H. A. and Waldman, R. (2001). Public health in complex emergencies: toward a more integrated science. National Association for the Practice of Anthropology Bulletin 21(1), 89111. www.researchgate.net/publication/229445382_Public_Health_in_Complex_Emergencies_Toward_a_More_Integrated_Science (Accessed on March 15, 2015).Google Scholar
World Health Organization expert committee on selection and use of essential medicines. (1995). Technical Report Series no 850 Annex 3. Available at: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Jwhozip13e. (Accessed on March 1, 2015).Google Scholar
World Medical Association. (2013). Declaration of Helsinki-Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Available at: www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/index.html (Accessed on May 30, 2014).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×