This chapter describes one country context in which the case study organizations did peacebuilding. It describes the six major phases in Burundi’s war-to-peace transition between 1999 and 2014 as well as the events that triggered each one. The chapter begins in 1999 after the removal of a regional embargo reinvigorated Burundi’s peace process and ends in 2014 as Burundi was preparing for its 2015 elections. At numerous turning points in between, Burundians and international observers declared, “Burundi is at a crossroads.” Each of these critical turning points ushered in a new phase in Burundi’s war-to-peace transition. Between phases, the political and security dynamics changed significantly. Within each phase, the political and security dynamics remained relatively consistent. Each case study organization and the broader group of intervening organizations engaged in peacebuilding in Burundi identified these six phases as crucial turning points. This book investigates whether or not each of the five case study organizations engaged in organizational learning across most of its country office within one year of the initiation of a new phase.