Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-13T04:15:05.991Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

15 - The Thompson Chain of Subgroups of Co1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 October 2024

Robert T. Curtis
Affiliation:
University of Birmingham
Get access

Summary

In the final chapter all the ideas of the book come together to produce the chain of subgroups of the Conway simple group Co1 that was previously referred to as the Suzuki chain. Since this construction emphatically reveals that the chain includes Co1 itself, we prefer to call it the Thompson chain as it was John Thompson who first noted that, with one exception, the normalizers of the groups in the chain are maximal in Co1. In a complete graph on n vertices we let the directed edge from vertex r to vertex s correspond to trs, an element of order 7 in some group where tsr=trs−1. We thus obtain a progenitor of shape

7⋆(n2):Sn
in which the symmetric group permutes the vertices. Initially, we include an additional automorphism of the free product that simply squares each of the symmetric generators whilst commuting with the Sn, but we eventually discard it as it is not needed. We must now decide what a triangle 〈t12, t23, t31〉 generates, and we realize that the unitary group U3(3) has all the necessary properties. Factoring by a single relation that ensures that triangles generate copies of this unitary group, we find that a complete 4-graph generates the Hall–Janko group, a complete 5-graph generates the Lie group G2(4), a complete 6-graph generates the triple cover of the Suzuki simple group and a complete 7-graph generates Co1. For n > 7 the group collapses, but if we replace the symmetric group Sn by the alternating group An, then we may proceed as far as n = 9 when a 9-graph also generates Co1. In this configuration a 3-cycle on three vertices lies in the centre of the triple cover of the Suzuki group generated by the edges on the other 6 vertices. We conclude by using MOG techniques to embed this whole configuration into the 24-dimensional representation of the Conway group ·O acting on the Leech lattice, modulo of course the central element of order 2.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×