In rural Ireland, which proportionately housed most of the American-born, almost no incomers belonged to the elite. This chapter collates all family returns, including an American, allowing identification and statistical analysis of accompanying parents born in Leitrim (‘returned Yanks’) as well as the American-born. Leitrim was the county with the highest component of American incomers by 1911 and, at several periods, the highest intensity of outward migration. Virtually all Leitrim Americans and their parents were enumerated in thatched dwellings on farms. Most American incomers were children, often fostered with relatives in poor and remote districts and houses. It follows that the Americans actually observed in rural Ireland typically suggested economic failure and continued reliance of assistance from Irish kinship networks.